Python - Môi trường mạng

Python 3 có sẵn cho Windows, Mac OS và hầu hết các phiên bản của hệ điều hành Linux. Mặc dù Python 2 có sẵn cho nhiều hệ điều hành khác, hỗ trợ Python 3 vẫn chưa được cung cấp cho chúng hoặc đã bị loại bỏ.

Thiết lập môi trường cục bộ

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Bắt Python

Nền tảng Windows

Binaries of latest version of Python 3 (Python 3.5.1) are available on this download page

The following different installation options are available.

Windows x86-64 embeddable zip file
Windows x86-64 executable installer
Windows x86-64 web-based installer
Windows x86 embeddable zip file
Windows x86 executable installer
Windows x86 web-based installer

Note − In order to install Python 3.5.1, minimum OS requirements are Windows 7 with SP1. For versions 3.0 to 3.4.x Windows XP is acceptable.

Linux platform

Different flavors of Linux use different package managers for installation of new packages.

On Ubuntu Linux, Python 3 is installed using the following command from the terminal.

$sudo apt-get install python3-minimal

Installation from source

Download Gzipped source tarball from Python's download URL − https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.1/Python-3.5.1.tgz

Extract the tarball
tar xvfz Python-3.5.1.tgz
Configure and Install:
cd Python-3.5.1
./configure --prefix = /opt/python3.5.1
make  
sudo make install

Mac OS

Download Mac OS installers from this URL − https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/

Mac OS X 64-bit/32-bit installer − python-3.5.1-macosx10.6.pkg
Mac OS X 32-bit i386/PPC installer − python-3.5.1-macosx10.5.pkg

Double click this package file and follow the wizard instructions to install.

The most up-to-date and current source code, binaries, documentation, news, etc., is available on the official website of Python −

Python Official Website − https://www.python.org/

You can download Python documentation from the following site. The documentation is available in HTML, PDF and PostScript formats.

Python Documentation Website − www.python.org/doc/

Setting up PATH

Programs and other executable files can be in many directories. Hence, the operating systems provide a search path that lists the directories that it searches for executables.

The important features are −

The path is stored in an environment variable, which is a named string maintained by the operating system. This variable contains information available to the command shell and other programs.
The path variable is named as PATH in Unix or Path in Windows (Unix is case-sensitive; Windows is not).
In Mac OS, the installer handles the path details. To invoke the Python interpreter from any particular directory, you must add the Python directory to your path.

Setting Path at Unix/Linux

To add the Python directory to the path for a particular session in Unix −

In the csh shell − type setenv PATH "$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python3" and press Enter.
In the bash shell (Linux) − type export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/bin/python3.4 and press Enter.
In the sh or ksh shell − type PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin/python3" and press Enter.

Note − /usr/local/bin/python3 is the path of the Python directory.

Setting Path at Windows

To add the Python directory to the path for a particular session in Windows −

At the command prompt − type path %path%;C:\Python and press Enter.

Note − C:\Python is the path of the Python directory

Running Python

There are three different ways to start Python −

Interactive Interpreter

You can start Python from Unix, DOS, or any other system that provides you a command-line interpreter or shell window.

Enter python the command line.

Start coding right away in the interactive interpreter.

$python             # Unix/Linux
or 
python%             # Unix/Linux
or 
C:>python           # Windows/DOS

Integrated Development Environment

You can run Python from a Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment as well, if you have a GUI application on your system that supports Python.

Unix − IDLE is the very first Unix IDE for Python.
Windows − PythonWin is the first Windows interface for Python and is an IDE with a GUI.
Macintosh − The Macintosh version of Python along with the IDLE IDE is available from the main website, downloadable as either MacBinary or BinHex'd files.

If you are not able to set up the environment properly, then you can take the help of your system admin. Make sure the Python environment is properly set up and working perfectly fine.

Note − All the examples given in subsequent chapters are executed with Python 3.4.1 version available on Windows 7 and Ubuntu Linux.

We have already set up Python Programming environment online, so that you can execute all the available examples online while you are learning theory. Feel free to modify any example and execute it online.