CSS2 - Reference Guide

This is a complete reference guide for web developers where we have listed all the CSS properties defined in the World Wide Web Consortium's Recommended Specification for Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2.

  • Aural

  • Background

  • Border

  • Classification

  • Dimension

  • Font

  • Generated Content

  • List and Marker

  • Margin

  • Outlines

  • Padding

  • Positioning

  • Table

  • Text

  • Print

  • Pseudo-classes

  • Pseudo-elements

Click any property to see its description with examples −

Sr.No. Property & Description
1 azimuth

Describes the position of a sound source along the horizontal axis of the listener's environment.

2 background

Composite property for the following properties −

  • background-attachment
  • background-color
  • background-image
  • background-position
  • background-repeat
3 background-attachment

Determines if the background image is fixed in the window or scrolls as the document scrolls.

4 background-color

Sets the background color of an element.

5 background-image

Sets the background image of an element.

6 background-position

Sets the initial position of the element's background image, if specified; values normally are paired to provide x, y positions; default position is 0% 0%.

7 background-repeat

Determines how the background image is repeated (tiled) across an element.

8 border

Sets all four of an element's borders; value is one or more of a color, a value for border-width, and a value for border-style.

9 border-bottom

Sets an element's bottom border; value is one or more of a color, a value for border-bottom-width, and a value for border-style.

10 border-bottom-width

Sets the thickness of an element's bottom border.

11 border-collapse

Sets the table border rendering algorithm.

12 border-color

Sets the color of all four of an element's borders; default is the color of the element.

13 border-left-color

Sets the color of an element's left borders; default is the color of the element.

14 border-right-color

Sets the color of an element's right borders; default is the color of the element.

15 border-top-color

Sets the color of an element's top borders; default is the color of the element.

16 border-bottom-color

Sets the color of an element's bottom borders; default is the color of the element.

17 border-left

Sets an element's left border; value is one or more of a color, a value for border-left-width, and a value for border-style.

18 border-left-width

Sets the thickness of an element's left border.

19 border-right

Sets an element's right border; value is one or more of a color, a value for border-right-width, and a value for border-style.

20 border-right-width

Sets the thickness of an element's right border.

21 border-spacing

With separate borders set the spacing between borders. One value sets vertical and horizontal spacing and two values sets horizontal and vertical spacing respectively.

22 border-style

Sets the style of all four of an element's borders.

23 border-top

Sets an element's top border; value is one or more of a color, a value for border-top-width, and a value for border-style.

24 border-top-width

Sets the thickness of an element's top border.

25 border-width

Sets the thickness of all four of an element's borders.

26 bottom

Used with the position property to place the bottom edge of an element.

27 caption-side

Sets the position for a table caption.

28 clear

Sets which margins of an element must not be adjacent to a floating element; the element is moved down until that margin is clear.

29 clip

Sets the clipping mask for an element.

30 color

Sets the color of an element.

31 content

Inserts generated content around an element.

32 counter-increment

Increments a counter by 1; value is a list of counter names, with each name optionally followed by a value by which it is incremented.

33 counter-reset

Resets a counter to zero; value is a list of counter names, with each name optionally followed by a value to which it is reset.

34 cue-after

Plays the designated sound after an element is spoken.

35 cue-before

Plays the designated sound before an element is spoken.

36 cursor

Defines shape of the cursor.

37 direction

Defines direction of the flow of an element content.

38 display

Controls how an element is displayed.

39 elevation

Sets the height at which a sound is played.

40 empty-cells

With separate borders, hides empty cells in a table.

41 float

Determines if an element floats to the left or right, allowing text to wrap around it or be displayed inline.

42 font

Sets all the font attributes for an element. Value is any of the values for −

  • font-style
  • font-variant
  • font-weight
  • font-size
  • line-height
  • font-family
43 font-family

Defines the font for an element, either as a specific font or as one of the generic serif, sans-serif, cursive, fantasy, and monospace.

44 font-size

Defines the font size.

45 font-size-adjust

Adjusts the current font's aspect ratio.

46 font-stretch

Determines the amount to stretch the current font.

47 font-style

Defines the style of the face, either normal or some type of slanted style.

48 font-variant

Defines a font to be in small caps.

49 font-weight

Defines the font weight. If a number is used, it must be a multiple of 100 between 100 and 900; 400 is normal, 700 is the same as the keyword bold.

50 height

Defines the height of an element.

51 left

Used with the position property to place the left edge of an element.

52 letter-spacing

Inserts additional space between text characters.

53 line-height

Sets the distance between adjacent text baselines.

54 list-style

Defines list-related styles using any of the values for −

  • list-style-image
  • list-style-position
  • list-style-type
55 list-style-image

Defines an image to be used as a list item's marker, in lieu of the value for −

  • list-style-type
56 list-style-position

Indents or extends (default) a list item's marker with respect to the item's content.

57 list-style-type

Defines a list item's marker either for unordered lists (circle, disc, or square) or for ordered lists (decimal, loweralpha, lower-roman, none, upper-alpha, or upper-roman).

58 margin

Defines all four of an element's margins.

59 margin-bottom

Defines the bottom margin of an element. Default value is 0.

60 margin-left

Defines the left margin of an element. Default value is 0.

61 margin-right

Defines the right margin of an element. Default value is 0.

62 margin-top

Defines the top margin of an element. Default value is 0.

63 marker-offset

The marker-offset property can be used in bulleted lists for specifying the distance between the nearest border edges of a marker box (or bullet) and its associated principal box.

64 marks

The marks property is used to set crop marks and cross marks on paged media. This is used with the @page rule.

65 max-height

max-height property is used to constrain the height of an element.

66 max-width

max-width property is used to set the maximum width of an element.

67 min-height

min-height property is used to constrain the height of an element.

68 min-width

min-width property is used to constrain the width of an element.

69 orphans

Sets the minimum number of lines allowed in an orphaned paragraph fragment.

70 outline

The outline property is a shorthand property to specify all outline properties.

71 outline-color

The outline-color property is used to specify the color of the outline. Note that, unlike the border property, outline does not take up extra space and it can be non-rectangular.

72 outline-color-style

The outline-style property is used to specify the style of the outline. Note that, unlike the border property, outline does not take up extra space and it can be non-rectangular.

73 outline-width

The outline-color property is used to specify the color of the outline. Note that, unlike the border property, outline does not take up extra space and it can be non-rectangular.

74 overflow

Determines how overflow content is rendered.

75 padding

Defines all four padding amounts around an element.

76 padding-bottom

Defines the bottom padding of an element. Default value is 0.

77 padding-left

Defines the left padding of an element. Default value is 0.

78 padding-right

Defines the right padding of an element. Default value is 0.

79 padding-top

Defines the top padding of an element. Default value is 0.

80 page

Associates a named page layout with an element.

81 page-break-after

Forces or suppresses page breaks after an element.

82 page-break-before

Forces or suppresses page breaks before an element.

83 page-break-inside

Suppresses page breaks within an element.

84 pause

The pause property is CSS shorthand for specifying shorthand property for specifying pauses in aural media.

85 pause-after

Pauses a media after speaking an element.

86 pause-before

Pauses a media before speaking an element.

87 pitch

Sets the average pitch of an element's spoken content.

88 pitch-range

Sets the range of the pitch, from 0 (flat) to 100 (broad); default is 50.

89 play-during

If a URL is provided, it is played during an element's spoken content, specifying repeat loops the audio; mix causes it to mix with, rather than replace, other background audio.

90 position

Sets the positioning model for an element.

91 quotes

Sets the quote symbols used to quote text.

92 richness

Sets the richness of the voice, from 0 (flat) to 100 (mellifluous); default is 50.

93 right

Used with the position property to place the right edge of an element.

94 size

The size property is used in paged media to specify the size of the page.

95 speak

Determines how an element's content is spoken.

96 speak-header

Determines if table headers are spoken once for each row or column or each time a cell is spoken.

97 speak-numeral

Determines how numerals are spoken.

98 speak-punctuation

Determines if punctuation is spoken or used for inflection.

99 speech-rate

Sets the rate of speech; a number sets the rate in words per minute.

100 stress

Sets the stress of the voice, from 0 (catatonic) to 100 (hyperactive); default is 50.

101 table-layout

Determines the table-rendering algorithm.

102 text-align

Sets the text alignment style for an element.

103 text-decoration

Defines any decoration for the text; values may be combined.

104 text-indent

Defines the indentation of the first line of text in an element; default is 0.

105 text-shadow

Creates text drop shadows of varying colors and offsets.

106 text-transform

Transforms the text in the element accordingly.

107 top

Used with the position property to place the top edge of an element.

108 vertical-align

Sets the vertical positioning of an element.

109 visibility

Determines if an element is visible in the document or table.

110 voice-family

Selects a named voice family to speak an element's content.

111 volume

Sets the volume of spoken content; numeric values range from 0 to 100.

112 white-space

Defines how whitespace within an element is handled.

113 widows

Sets the minimum number of lines allowed in a widowed paragraph fragment.

114 width

Defines the width of an element.

115 word-spacing

Inserts additional space between words.

116 z-index

Sets the rendering layer for the current element.

Pseudo-classes & Pseudo-elements

Sr.No. Property & Description
1 :active

Use this class to add special effect to an activated element.

2 :focus

Use this class to add special effect to an element while the element has focus.

3 :hover

Use this class to add special effect to an element when you mouse over it.

4 :link

Use this class to add special effect to an unvisited link.

5 :visited

Use this class to add special effect to a visited link.

6 :first-child

Use this class to add special effect to an element that is the first child of some other element.

7 :lang

Use this class to specify a language to use in a specified element.

8 :first-letter

Use this element to add special effect to the first letter of a text.

9 :first-line

Use this element to add special effect to the first line of a text.

10 :before

Use this element to insert some content before an element.

11 :after

Use this element to insert some content after an element.