GSM-유용한 약어

다음은 GSM Association 지원 출판물에서 가져온 모바일 용어 및 약어의 편집 된 목록입니다.

1-9	ㅏ	비	씨	디	이자형	에프	지	H	나는	제이	케이
엘	미디엄	엔	영형	피	큐	아르 자형	에스	티	유	V	W
엑스	와이	지

1G

AMPS, TACS 및 NMT를 포함한 1 세대 아날로그 휴대 전화 기술

2G

GSM, CDMA IS-95 및 D-AMPS IS-136을 포함한 2 세대 디지털 휴대 전화 기술

2.5G

GPRS와 같은 기술을 포함하는 GSM의 향상

3G

ITU IMT-2000 제품군에 포함 된 3 세대 휴대폰 기술

3GPP

3 ^번째 세대 파트너십 프로젝트의 IMT-2000 제품군의 WCDMA 기반의 회원을 표준화의 책임 국제 표준 기관, 사업자 및 공급 업체의 그룹화

3GPP2

IMT-2000 제품군의 CDMA2000 기반 구성원을 표준화하는 책임이있는 3GPP의 상대입니다. 3GPP2는 ANSI가 주도하고 있습니다.

8PSK

8 진 위상 편이 키잉

맨 위로

A5 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 8X

GSM 네트워크 용 암호화 알고리즘

AAL

ATM 적응 계층

ABR

사용 가능한 비트 전송률

A- 비스

GSM 네트워크에서 BSC와 BTS 간의 인터페이스

AB

액세스 버스트; 랜덤 액세스에 사용되며 네트워크에 처음 연결할 때 정확한 타이밍 진행을 알지 못하는 MS로부터 버스트 전송을 허용하기 위해 더 긴 보호 기간이 특징입니다.

ACTE

터미널 장비 승인위원회

행위

고급 통신 기술 및 서비스, 유럽 기술 이니셔티브

ACU

안테나 결합 장치

ADPCM

적응 형 차동 펄스 코드 변조; 일반적으로 32kbit / s를 사용하는 음성 압축 형식

AFC

자동 주파수 제어

AGCH

액세스 허가 채널; 다운 링크 전용, BTS는 TCH 또는 SDCCH를 MS에 할당하여 네트워크에 대한 액세스를 허용합니다.

에어 인터페이스

이동 전화 네트워크에서 기지국과 이동 단말기 사이의 무선 전송 경로

A- 인터페이스

GSM 네트워크에서 MSC와 BSS 간의 인터페이스

오전

진폭 변조

AMPS

Advanced Mobile Phone System, 북미 및 남미 및 약 35 개 국가에서 사용되는 아날로그 휴대 전화 기술입니다. FDMA 기술을 사용하여 800MHz 대역에서 작동

AMR

적응 형 다중 속도 코덱. GSM 네트워크에서 사용하기 위해 1999 년에 개발 된 AMR은 3G 용 3GPP에서 채택되었습니다.

비슷한 물건

전압과 같이 지속적으로 변하는 물리량에 의한 정보 표현

ANSI

미국 표준 협회. 표준화 작업을 수행하지 않고 표준 기관의 작업을 검토하고 카테고리 코드와 번호를 할당하는 비영리 미국 조직

ANSI-136

D-AMPS 참조

API

응용 프로그램 인터페이스

AoC

책임의 조언

ARIB

라디오 산업 및 기업 협회. 일본 우편 통신 성이 라디오 통신 및 방송의 표준화 기관 역할을하기 위해 설립 한 조직

ARPU

사용자 당 평균 수익

ASCII

정보 교환을위한 미국 표준 코드

ASIC

애플리케이션 별 집적 회로

ASP

애플리케이션 서비스 제공 업체

비대칭 전송

네트워크에서 가입자로의 트래픽이 가입자에서 네트워크로의 트래픽보다 더 빠른 데이터 전송

A-TDMA

고급 시분할 다중 액세스

ATM

비동기 전송 모드; 데이터를 고정 된 길이의 53 옥텟 셀로 구성하여 각 애플리케이션의 즉각적인 필요에 따라 전송하는 다중화 된 정보 전송 및 전환 방법.

AUC

인증 센터; 가입자 인증을위한 매개 변수를 생성하는 GSM 네트워크 내의 요소

맨 위로

대역폭

Hertz로 표시되는 전송 채널의 너비와 지원할 최대 전송 속도 (초당 비트 수)를 모두 의미하는 용어

BCH

방송 채널; 다운 링크 정보 만 전달하며 주로 동기화 및 주파수 보정 (BCCH, FCCH 및 SCH)을 담당합니다.

BCCH

방송 제어 채널; 네트워크 내의 모든 휴대폰에 신호 및 제어 정보를 브로드 캐스트하기 위해 셀룰러 네트워크에서 사용되는 논리 채널

B-CDMA

광대역 코드 분할 다중 액세스

B-ISDN

광대역 ISDN

BER

비트 오류율; 수신 된 총 비트 수와 비교하여 오류가 발생한 수신 비트의 백분율

BERT

비트 오류율 테스트

비트

비트는 정보 기술의 가장 작은 단위입니다. 이진수 시스템을 사용하여 비트가 구성되므로 모든 비트 배수는 2의 거듭 제곱이어야합니다. 즉, 1 킬로 비트는 실제로 1024 비트이고 1 메가 비트는 1048576 비트입니다. 전송 속도는 초당 비트 (bit / s)로 표시됩니다.

블루투스

직렬 케이블을 대체하도록 설계된 저전력 단거리 무선 기술입니다. 2.4GHz ISM 대역에서 작동하는 Bluetooth는 노트북 컴퓨터 및 휴대폰과 같은 다양한 개인, 전문가 및 가정용 장치를 무선으로 함께 연결할 수 있습니다.

BHCA

바쁜 시간 호출 시도; 네트워크에서 하루 중 가장 바쁜 시간에 이루어진 통화 시도 횟수

BSC

기지국 컨트롤러; 다수의베이스 트랜시버 스테이션을 제어하는 네트워크 엔티티

BSS

기지국 시스템 / 하위 시스템

방탄 소년단

베이스 트랜시버 스테이션; 이동국과 통신하는 네트워크 엔티티

맨 위로

CAI

공통 에어 인터페이스; 영국의 공용 CT2 네트워크 용으로 개발 된 표준으로 동일한 핸드셋을 다른 네트워크에서 사용할 수 있습니다.

낙타

모바일 네트워크 강화 로직을위한 맞춤형 애플리케이션; 사용자가 CAMEL을 지원하는 다른 네트워크로 로밍 할 때 개인 서비스를 휴대 할 수 있도록하는 GSM 네트워크의 IN 기능

CSE

CAMEL 서비스 환경

생산 능력

동시 통화를 지원하는 셀룰러 네트워크의 기능 측정

CB

셀 브로드 캐스트

CC

통화 제어; 통화 연결 관리

CCB

고객 관리 및 청구

CCCH

공통 제어 채널; MS와 BTS 사이의 업 링크 및 다운 링크 채널 그룹 (PCH, AGCH 및 RACH 참조)

CCS7

공통 채널 시그널링 번호 7

CDMA

코드 분할 다중 액세스; 확산 스펙트럼이라고도하는 CDMA 셀룰러 시스템은 모든 트래픽에 대해 단일 주파수 대역을 사용하여 전송 전에 고유 한 코드를 할당하여 개별 전송을 차별화합니다. CDMA에는 다양한 변형이 있습니다 (W-CDMA, B-CDMA, TD-SCDMA 등 참조)

CDMAone

최초의 상용 CDMA 셀룰러 시스템; 북미와 한국에 배치됨; IS-95라고도 함

CDMA2000

IMT-2000 3G 제품군에 속합니다. cdmaOne과 역 호환

CDMA 1X

cdma2000의 1 세대; 표준화 프로세스는 CDMA 2X 및 CDMA 3X가있을 것이라고 표시했지만 더 이상 가능성이없는 것으로 보입니다.

CDMA 1X EV-DO

데이터 만 제공하는 CDMA 1X의 변형

CDPD

셀룰러 디지털 패킷 데이터; 미국에 주로 배치 된 패킷 교환 데이터 서비스. 서비스는 유휴 아날로그 채널을 사용하여 패킷 화 된 정보를 전달합니다.

CDPSK

일관된 차동 위상 편이 키잉

CDR

통화 내역 기록; 가입자의 수신 및 발신 통화에 대한 모든 세부 사항에 대한 셀룰러 네트워크 내 기록, CDR은 작업을 위해 청구 시스템으로 전달됩니다.

세포

셀룰러 기지국이 적용되는 영역입니다. 셀 사이트는 한 위치에서 여러 셀을 서비스하기 위해 안테나를 섹터화할 수 있습니다.

송신기 / 수신기, 안테나 및 관련 장비를 수용하는 시설

세포 분할

셀 사이트에서 안테나를 분할하거나 셀 사이트 내에 추가 셀을 구성하여 단일 셀을 여러 셀로 변환하는 프로세스

CELP

코드 여기 선형 예측; 디지털 음성 코딩 체계에 대한 아날로그, 셀룰러 시스템에 사용되는 다양한 변형이 있습니다.

CEPT

유럽 우편 및 통신 회의. 전국 우체국, 전신 및 전화 관리 조직. 1988 년까지 통신 표준화를위한 유럽의 주요기구 인 ETSI가이 작업을 인수했습니다. CEPT는 원래 GSM 표준화 그룹을 설립했습니다.

CF

통화 전달

CI

캐리어 대 간섭 비율

CIBER

Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer 레코드

CID

발신자 식별

회로 전환

네트워크에서 멀리 떨어진 두 끝점 사이에 일정한 대역폭의 임시 전용 회로가 설정된 통신에서 사용되는 방법입니다. 주로 음성 트래픽에 사용됩니다. 패킷 교환의 반대

CLID

호출 라인 식별

클립

전화선 식별 프레젠테이션

CLIR

전화선 식별 제한

센티미터

연결 관리; 통화 연결을 설정, 유지 및 중단하는 데 사용됩니다.

CMOS

보완 금속 산화물 기판

코덱

코더와 디코더를 결합한 단어로 코덱은 신호를 인코딩하고 디코딩하는 장치입니다. 셀룰러 네트워크의 음성 코덱은 음성 신호를 비트 문자열로 또는 비트 열로 변환합니다. GSM 네트워크에서는 표준 음성 코덱 외에도 HR (Half Rate) 코덱 및 EFR (Enhanced Full Rate) 코덱을 구현할 수 있습니다.

제어 신호

통화에 필수적인 정보를 전달하지만 대화의 오디오 부분을 포함하지 않는 기지국에서 휴대 전화로 또는 그 반대로 전송되는 신호

CPE

고객 구내 장비; 네트워크 인터페이스의 최종 사용자 측에있는 모든 장비

CPU

중앙 처리 유닛

CRC

순환 중복 검사

CRM

고객 관계 관리

CSS

고객 지원 시스템

CT

무선 전화

CT0

제로 세대 무선 전화; 아날로그 기술을 사용하고 범위와 보안 측면에서 심각한 한계가 있었던 국내 최초의 무선 전화기

CT1

1 세대 무선 전화; 더 넓은 범위와 보안을 갖춘 향상된 아날로그 전화; 많은 유럽 국가에서 CT1 표준을 생성했습니다.

CT2

2 세대 무선 전화; 디지털 기술을 사용하여 CT2 전화기는 더 넓은 범위, 향상된 보안 및 광범위한 새로운 기능을 제공했습니다. 국내 및 무선 PABX 배포 모두에서 사용되는 CT2는 임시 ETS로 표준화되었지만 DECT에 의해 압도되었습니다.

CT2-CAI

2 세대 무선 전화-공통 무선 인터페이스

CTA

무선 터미널 어댑터; DECT 용어

CTM

무선 단말기 이동성

CTR

공통 기술 규정; ETSI 표준화 프로세스의 일부

CUG

폐쇄 된 사용자 그룹

맨 위로

D / A

디지털에서 아날로그로 변환

DAC

디지털-아날로그 변환기

DAMA

요구 할당 다중 액세스

D-AMP

IS-136으로도 알려진 미국 무선 표준 인 Digital AMPS

단

DECT 액세스 노드

DCA

동적 채널 할당

DCCH

Dedicated Control Channels; responsible for roaming, handovers, encryption, etc., (See SDCCH, SACCH and FACCH)

DCE

Data Communications Equipment

DCH

Data Clearing House

DCPSK

Differentially Coherent Phase Shift Keying

DCS1800

Digital Cellular System at 1800MHz, now known as GSM1800

DECT

Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications system, a second generation digital cordless technology standardised by ETSI

DEPSK

Differential Encoded Phase Shift Keying

DES

Digital Encryption Standard

DFSK

Double Frequency Shift Keying

Digital

a method of representing information as numbers with discrete values; usually expressed as a sequence of bits

DPCM

Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DPSK

Digital Phase Shift Keying

DQPSK

Digital Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

DS-CDMA

Direct Sequence CDMA

DSP

Digital Signal Processing

DSRR

Digital Short Range Radio; a UK standard for a low power, short range radio system designed for small voice and data networks

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DTMF

Dual Tone MultiFrequency; better know as Touch Tone. The tones generated by touching the keys on the phone are used for a variety of purposes including voice mail systems and voice messaging

DTX

Discontinuous Transmission

Dual Band

The capability of GSM infrastructure elements and handsets to work across both the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands. The capability to seamlessly handover between the two bands offers operators major capacity gains

DB

Dummy Burst; transmitted as a filler in unused timeslots of the carrier

Duplex

The wireless technique where one frequency band is used for traffic from the network to the subscriber (the downlink) and another, widely separated, band is used for traffic from the subscriber to the network (the uplink)

EDGE

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution; effectively, the final stage in the evolution of the GSM standard, EDGE uses a new modulation schema to enable theoretical data speeds of up to 384kbit/s within the existing GSM spectrum. An alternative upgrade path towards 3G services for operators, such as those in the USA, without access to new spectrum. Also known as Enhanced GPRS (E-GPRS)

EEPROM

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EFR

Enhanced Full Rate; an alternative voice codec that provides improved voice quality in a GSM network (see codec)

EFT

Electronic Funds Transfer

EGSM

Extended (frequency range) GSM

EIR

Equipment Identity Register; a database that contains a list of all valid mobile stations within a network based on their IMEI

EIRP

Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

EPOC

The mobile phone operating system developed by Symbian. Derived from epoch-the beginning of an era-EPOC is a 32-bit operating environment, which comprises a suite of applications, customisable user interfaces, connectivity options and a range of development tools.

EPROM

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

Erlang

A dimensionless unit of average traffic density in a telecommunications network

ERMES

Enhanced Radio Messaging System; a paging technology developed by ETSI which was intended to allow users to roam throughout Europe. Adopted by a number of European and Middle Eastern countries, ERMES, like paging in general, was overtaken by the ubiquity of GSM

ERO

European Radiocommunications Office

ERP

Effective Radiated Power

ESMR

Enhanced Special Mobile Radio; a US PMR variant (see SMR)

ESN

Electronic Serial Number; a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a mobile phone

ESPRIT

European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology

ETACS

Extended TACS; the extension of TACS by the addition of new frequencies

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute: The European group responsible for defining telecommunications standards

FACCH

Fast Associated Control Channel; similar to the SDCCH but used in parallel for operation of the TCH. If the data rate of the SACCH is insufficient borrowing mode is used

FB

Frequency Correction Burst; used for frequency synchronisation of the mobile

FCC

Federal Communications Commission; the US regulatory body for telecommunications

FCCH

Frequency Correction Channel; downlink only, correction of MS frequencies, transmission of frequency standard to MS, etc.

FDD

Frequency Division Duplex; a radio technique, which uses paired spectrum; UMTS has an FDD element

FDMA

Frequency Division Multiple Access-a transmission technique where the assigned frequency band for a network is divided into sub-bands, which are allocated to a subscriber for the duration of their calls

FEC

Forward Error Correction

FH

Frequency Hopping

FH-CDMA

Frequency Hopping CDMA

FMC

Fixed Mobile Convergence

FMI

Fixed Mobile Integration

FPLMTS

Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System, the original title of the ITU's third generation concept now known as IMT-2000

FRA

Fixed Radio Access; see WLL

FSDPSK

Filtered Symmetric Differential Phase Shift Keying

FSK

Frequency Shift Keying; a method of using frequency modulation to send digital information

FSOQ

Frequency Shift Offset Quadrature Modulation

FSS

Fixed Satellite ServiceGb

The interface between the PCU and the SGSN in a GSM/GPRS network

Gc

The interface between the GGSN and the HLR in a GSM/GPRS network

Gd

The interface between the SGSN and the SMSC in a GSM/GPRS network

Gf

The interface between the SGSN and the EIR in a GSM/GPRS network

Gi

The interface between the GGSN and the Internet in a GPRS network

Gn

The interface between the GGSN and the SGSN in a GPRS network

Gp

The interfaces between the GGSN/SGSN and the Border Gateway in a GPRS network

Gr

The interface between the SGSN and the HLR in a GPRS network

Gs

The interface between the SGSN and the MSC in a GSM/GPRS network

GAIT

GSM/ANSI 136 Interoperability Committee

GAP

Generic Access Profile; a DECT term

Gbit/s

A unit of data transmission rate equal to one billion bits per second

GMSC

Gateway Mobile Services Switching Centre; the gateway between two networks

GCF

Global Certification Forum

Geostationary

Refers to a satellite in equatorial orbit above the earth which appears from the surface to be stationary

GERAN

GSM-EDGE Radio Access Network; the name for the evolution of GSM towards 3G based on EDGE

GGRF

GSM Global Roaming Forum

GGSN

Gateway GPRS Support Node; the gateway between a cellular network and a IP network.

GHz

A unit of frequency equal to one billion Hertz per second

GMPCS

Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite

GMSK

Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying; a refinement of FSK which minimises adjacent channel interference

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service; standardised as part of GSM Phase 2+, GPRS represents the first implementation of packet switching within GSM, which is a circuit switched technology. GPRS offers theoretical data speeds of up to 115kbit/s using multislot techniques. GPRS is an essential precursor for 3G as it introduces the packet switched core required for UMTS

GPS

Global Positioning System; a location system based on a constellation of US Department of Defence satellites. Depending on the number of satellites visible to the user can provide accuracies down to tens of metres. Now being incorporated as a key feature in an increasing number of handsets

GRX

GPRS Roaming Exchange

GSM

Global System for Mobile communications, the second generation digital technology originally developed for Europe but which now has in excess of 71 per cent of the world market. Initially developed for operation in the 900MHz band and subsequently modified for the 850, 1800 and 1900MHz bands. GSM originally stood for Group Special Mobile, the CEPT committee, which began the GSM standardisation process

GSM MoU

The GSM Memorandum of Understanding, an agreement signed between all the major European operators to work together to promote GSM. The precursor of the GSM Association

GSM-R

GSM-Railway, A variant of GSM designed to meet the special communications needs of international train operators

Handoff

The transfer of control of a cellular phone call in progress from one cell to another, without any discontinuity

Hands-free

The operation of a cellular phone without using the handset; usually installed in vehicles.

HCS

Hierarchical Cell Structure; the architecture of a multi-layered cellular network where subscribers are handed over from the macro to the micro to the pico layer depending on the current network capacity and the needs of the subscriber

HDLC

High level Data Link Control

HIPERLAN

High Performance Radio Local Access Network; a wireless local area network being standardised by ETSI (Also HIPERLAN2)

HLR

Home Location Register; the database within a GSM network which stores all the subscriber data. An important element in the roaming process

HSCSD

High Speed Circuit Switched Data; a special mode in GSM networks which provides higher data throughput By cocatenating a number of timeslots, each delivering 14.4kbit/s, much higher data speeds can be achieved

HSPSD

High Speed Packet Switched DataIub

The interface between the Node B and the RNC in a UMTS network

Iur

The interface between RNCs in a UMTS network

Iups

The connection between the RNC and the packet switched network in a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network

Iucs

The connection between the RNC and the circuit switched network in a GSM/GPRS/UMTS network

I-ETS

Interim European Telecommunications Standard

I-mode

A service developed by Japanese operator NTT DoCoMo, I-mode delivers a huge range of services to subscribers and has proved enormously popular with some 30 million regular users. The revenue sharing model used for I-mode is being adopted by other operators as the basis for the new services enabled by GPRS and 3G

IMEI

International Mobile Equipment Identity

IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity; an internal subscriber identity used only by the network

IMT-2000

The family of third generation technologies approved by the ITU. There are five members of the family: IMT-DS, a direct sequence WCDMA FDD solution IMT-TC, a WCDMA TDD solution IMT-MC, a multicarrier solution developed from cdma2000 IMT-SC, a single carrier solution developed from IS-136/UWC-136 IMT-FT, a TDMA/TDD solution derived from DECT

IN

Intelligent Network

INAP

Intelligent Network Application Part

Internet

A loose confederation of autonomous databases and networks. Originally developed for academic use the Internet is now a global structure of millions of sites accessible by anyone

Intranet

A private network which utilises the same techniques as the Internet but is accessible only by authorised users

IP

Internet Protocol

IPR

Intellectual Property Rights

IPv6

The next generation of IP addressing designed to replace the current system IPv4 which uses a 32 bit address code which limits the number of possible addresses. IPv6 uses a 128 bit code ensuring that the possible number of IP addresses will be virtually limitless

IrDA

Infra red Data Association

Iridium

A low earth orbit satellite communications system developed initially by Motorola.

IS-54

The first evolution in the USA from analogue to digital technology. Used a hybrid of analogue and digital technology, superseded by IS-136

IS-95

Cellular standard know also as cdmaOne

IS-136

Cellular standard also known as TDMA or D-AMPS

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO

International Standards Organisation

ISP

Internet Service Provider

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

ITU-R

ITU Telecommunications Radio Sector

ITU-T

ITU Telecommunications Standardisation Sector

IWF

Interworking Function

Java

A programming language developed by Sun Microsystems Java is characterised by the fact that programs written in Java do not rely on an operating system

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

LAN

Local Area Network

LANS

Local Area Network Services

LAP

Link Access Protocol

LEO

Low Earth Orbit; refers to satellites, which orbit the Earth at around 1,000 kilometres

LMSS

Land Mobile Satellite Service

LOS

Line of Sight

MAC

Media Access Control; the lower sublayer of the OSI system

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

MAP

Mobile Application Part

Mbit/s

Megabit; a unit of data transmission speed equal to one million bits per second

MHz

Megahertz; a unit of frequency equal to one million Hertz

MCPA

Multi Carrier Power Amplifier

MeXe

Mobile Execution Environment; likely to be based on Java, MeXe enables WAP-enabled devices to offer a wider range of features with greater security and flexibility, as well as greater control of telephony features

MFSK

Multiple Frequency Shift Keying

MMI

Man Machine Interface

MMS

Multimedia Messaging Service; an evolution of SMS, MMS goes beyond text messaging offering various kinds of multimedia content including images, audio and video clips

MMSK

Modified Minimum Shift Keying

MNO

Mobile Network Operator

Modulation

The process of imposing an information signal on a carrier. This can be done by changing the amplitude (AM), the frequency (FM) or the phase, or any combination of these

MoU

Memorandum of Understanding - see GSM MoU

MPEG

Motion Picture Experts Group; MPEG4 is a technology for compressing voice and video so that the information can be transmitted over normally difficult links such as mobile radio

MS

Mobile Station

MSC

Mobile Switching Centre; the switching centre of a mobile phone network, the MSC has interfaces to the BSCs, HLR, VLR and other MSCs

MSISDN

Mobile Station International ISDN Number

MSK

Minimum Shift Keying; Another term for FFSK

Multiplexing

A telecommunications technique where several channels can be combined to share the same transmission medium. The most common forms are Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

MVPN

Mobile Virtual Private Network

N-AMPS

Narrowband AMPS

NB

Normal Burst; used to carry traffic and control channels except RACH

NET

Norme Europeenne de Telecommunications

NMT

Nordic Mobile Telephone system; an analogue cellular technology deployed in the Nordic countries in the late 1970.s; variations were also deployed in the Benelux countries and in Russia. NMT operated in the 450 and 900MHz bands and was the first technology to offer international roaming, albeit only in the Nordic countries

Node B

The element in a UMTS network which interfaces with the mobile station, analogous to a BTS in a GSM network

OTA

Over the air activation (of services and tariff changes)

O&M

Operations and Maintenance

OMC

Operations and Maintenance Centre

OMC-R

The radio OMC

OMC-S

The switching OMC

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection; a seven layer model for protocols defined by ISO

PACS

Personal Access Communication System; a digital cordless technology developed initially by Bell Labs in the US, PACS was designed to compete with DECT

Packet switching

A communication system wherein the information is transmitted in packets of a set size. These packets have address headers and find their way to their destination by the most efficient route through the network. Compared to circuit switching where a connection is occupied until the traffic exchange is completed, packet switching offers considerable efficiencies as connections can be used by a number of users simultaneously

PAMR

Public Access Mobile Radio; Commercial service using trunking techniques in which multiple groups of users can set up their own closed systems within a shared public network

PAP

Public Access Profile; a DECT term

PCH

Paging Channel; downlink only, the MS is informed of incoming calls by the BTS via the PCH

PCM

Pulse Code Modulation; the standard digital voice format at 64kbit/s

PCMCIA

Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Association the body responsible for defining the standards and formats for memory expansion cards for laptop computers and PDAs. Now extended to cover cards for mobile phones

PCN

Personal Communications Network; a designation initially used in the UK to refer to networks operating in the 1800MHz band (see also DCS1800). No longer in use

PCS 1900

Personal Communications Systems 1900MHz; the terminology used in the US to describe the new digital networks being deployed in the 1900MHz band; rarely used today

PCU

Packet Control Unit; an element in a GPRS/UMTS network

PDA

Personal Digital Assistant

PDC

Personal Digital Communications; a digital cellular technology developed and deployed uniquely in Japan. A TDMA technology, PDC is incompatible with any other digital cellular standard

PEDC

Pan European Digital Communications; A designation occasionally used in the early 1990.s to describe GSM. No longer in use

Penetration

The percentage of the total population which owns a mobile phone

PHS / PHP

Personal HandyPhone System/Phone; a digital cordless technology developed in Japan which achieved great success. Deployed by NTT DoCoMo and other Japanese operators PHS offered two-way communications, data services and Internet access and eventually won some 28 million customers. Now in decline as cellular.s wide area capabilities offer better service

Personal Identifier Number

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

PLMN

Public Land Mobile Network; any cellular operator.s network

PMR

Private Mobile Radiocommunications; two-way radio technology widely used for despatch and delivery services, taxi companies and the like. See TETRA

POCSAG

Post Office Code Standardisation Group; a now defunct industry grouping, which standardised pager addressing systems

PoP

Points of Presence; a method of measuring the value of a cellular licence; the approximate number of potential customers within a geographical area

POTS

Plain Old Telephone Service

PROM

Programmable Read Only Memory

PSK

Phase Shift Keying

PSRCP

Public Safety Radio Communications Project; an initiative by the UK Government to standardise all emergency services communications on to a single digital technology (see TETRA)

PSDN

Public Switched Data Network

PSPDN

Public Switched Packet Data Network

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

PSU

Power Supply Unit

PTO

Public Telecommunication Operator

PTT

Posts, Telephone and Telegraph Administration

PTT

Push-to-Talk; a feature of PMR systems

PWT

Personal Wireless Telecommunications; a variant of DECT developed for use in the USA

QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QAPSK

Quadrature Amplitude Phase Shift Keying

QCELP

Quadrature Code Excited Linear Prediction

QoS

Quality of Service; a broad term to describe the performance attributes of an end-to-end connection

QPSK

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

RACE

Research in Advanced Communications in Europe

RACH

Random Access Channel; uplink only, allows the MS to request an SDCCH in response to a page or for a call

RAM

Random Access Memory

RFP

Radio Fixed Part; equivalent to a base station in a DECT system

RCC

Radio Common Carrier

RELP

Regular pulse Excitation Linear Prediction coding

Reuse

The assignment of frequencies or channels to cells so that adjoining cells do not use the same frequencies and cause interference whereas more distant cells can use the same frequencies. Reuse expands the capacity of a cellular network by enabling the use of the same channels throughout the network

RP

Radio Part

RNC

Radio Network Controller; the element which controls the Node Bs within a UMTS network. It is roughly analogous to a BSC in a GSM network

Roaming

A service unique to GSM which enables a subscriber to make and receive calls when outside the service area of his home network, e.g., when travelling abroad

Router

A device which forwards information in a network on a connectionless basis

RRM

Radio Resource Management, part of the UMTS infrastructure

RT

Remote Terminal

SACCH

Slow Associated Control Channel; transmits continuous measurements in parallel with operation of TCH or SDCCH; needed for handover decisions

SAR

Specific Absorption Rate

SB

Synchronisation Burst; used for time synchronisation of the mobile

S-CDMA

Synchronous CDMA (see CDMA)

SCH

Synchronisation Channel; downlink only frame synchronisation and identification of base station

SCP

Switching/Service Control Point

SDCCH

Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel; communications channel between the MS and the BTS. Used for signalling during call set-up before a TCH is allocated

SDLC

Synchronous Data Link Control

SDMA

Spatial Division Multiple Access

SGSN

Serving GPRS Support Node; the gateway between the RNC and the core network in a GPRS/UMTS network

SIM

Subscriber Identity Module; A smart card containing the telephone number of the subscriber, encoded network identification details, the PIN and other user data such as the phone book. A user.s SIM card can be moved from phone to phone as it contains all the key information required to activate the phone

SoHo

Small Office/Home Office

Streaming

An Internet derived expression for the one-way transmission of video and audio content

STK

SIM ToolKit: specified within the GSM standard, this allows operators to add additional functions to the phone menu in order to provide new services such as mobile banking or email

SMR

Specialised Mobile Radio; the US term for private mobile radio (See PMR)

SMS

Short Message Service; a text message service, which enables users to send short messages (160 characters) to other users. A very popular service, particularly amongst young people, with 400 billion SMS messages sent worldwide in 2002

SMSC

SMS Centre - the network entity, which switches SMS traffic

SMSCB

SMS Cell Broadcast

SMS-MO

SMS Mobile Originated

SMS-MT

SMS Mobile Terminated

SMS-PP

SMS Point to Point

SP

Service Provider

SQAM

Staggered Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

SQPSK

Staggered Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

SS

Supplementary Service Support; handles special services

SS7

Signalling System Number 7 (See CCS7)

SSP

Service Switching Point

STM

Synchronous Transfer Mode

Symbian

A company created by Psion, Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola in 1998 with the aim of developing and standardising an operating system which enable mobile phones from different manufacturers to exchange information

The operating system is known as EPOC. Matsushita has subsequently joined Symbian

TACS

Total Access Communications System (an AMPS variant deployed in a number of countries principally the UK)

TAP

Transferred Account Procedure; the essential charging methodology for international GSM roaming. There have been four TAP standards, TAP1, TAP2, TAP2+ and TAP3. The latter offers variable record length and is sufficiently flexible to support all future requirements arising from the move to 3G

TBR

Technical Basis for Regulation (part of the ETSI standardisation process)

TCH

Traffic Channel

TD-CDMA

Time Division CDMA

TD-SCDMA

Time Division-Synchronous CDMA; a CDMA variant developed by Chinese vendors which is claimed to offer high data rates and greater coverage

TDD

Time Division Duplex; a radio technology for use in unpaired spectrum. WCDMA/UMTS includes a band for TDD mode usage and both PHS and DECT use this technology

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access; a technique for multiplexing multiple users onto a single channel on a single carrier by splitting the carrier into time slots and allocating these on a as-needed basis

Telematics

A wireless communications system designed for the collection and dissemination of information, particularly refers to vehicle-based electronic systems, vehicle tracking and positioning, on-line vehicle navigation and information systems and emergency assistance

TETRA

Terrestrial Trunked Radio; a European developed digital private mobile radio technology which is now being extensively deployed worldwide

Tetrapol

A competitive digital PMR technology to TETRA developed by French vendors

TFTS

Terrestrial Flight Telephone System

Timeslot

A frame within a TDMA schema; has a time interval of 576 microseconds. Physical content of a timeslot is known as a burst. Five different burst types exist, they are distinguished by different TDMA frame divisions (see NB, FB, SB, AB and DB)

TIPHON

Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonisation over Networks; an ETSI project designed to support the market for voice communications and voice band communications. In particular TIPHON will ensure that users on IP-based networks can communicate with those on circuit switched networks

TMN

Telecommunications Management Network

TMSI

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity; covers the IMSI to prevent over-the-air interception and tracing

TRAU

Transcoder Rate Adapter Unit; the transport unit for a 16kbit/s traffic channel on the A-bis interface

Tri-band

Refers to a mobile phone able to operate on the three internationally designated GSM frequencies- 900, 1800 and 1900MHz

TrueSync

A technology which enables the optimal synchronisation of calendars, address books, action lists and memoranda. It enables multi-point, one-step synchronisation of wireless and wireline devices, desktop computers and server-based applications and services

TRX

Transmitter/receiver (transceiver)

UI

User Interface

Um

The air interface between the BTS and the MS in a GSM network

Uu

The air interface between the Node B and the MS in a UMTS network.

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; the European entrant for 3G; now subsumed into the IMT-2000 family as the WCDMA technology.

UPN

Universal Personal Number

UPT

Universal Personal Telecommunications

URL

Uniform Resource Locator; the addressing system of the Internet

USO

Universal Service Obligation

UTRA

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access; the air interface component of WCDMA.

UTRAN

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network; the UMTS radio access network comprising the RNC, Node B and the air interface

USIM

Universal Subscriber Identity Module; the 3G equivalent of the GSM SIM

UWB

Ultra Wide Band

VAS

Value Added Services

VBR

Variable Bit Rate

VHE

Virtual Home Environment

VLR

Visitor Location Register

Vocoder

Voice coder

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol

VPN

Virtual Private Network

VSAT

Very Small Aperture Terminal

VSELP

Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction

WAP

Wireless Application Protocol; a de facto standard for enabling mobile phones to access the Internet and advanced services. Users can access websites and pages which have been converted by the use of WML into stripped-down versions of the original more suitable for the limited display capabilities of mobile phones

WARC

World Administration Radio Conference; an ITU conference held at regular intervals to determine the allocation of spectrum for various services

WCDMA

Wideband CDMA; the technology created from a fusion of proposals to act as the European entrant for the ITU IMT-2000 family

WLL

Wireless Local Loop; a technique for providing telephony and low speed data services to fixed customers using wireless. Regarded as having considerably potential for rapidly addressing the telecommunications gap in developing countries. A number of different WLL solutions have been marketed based on cellular and cordless technologies

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network; a short range radio network normally deployed in traffic hotspots such as airport lounges, hotels and restaurants. WLAN enables suitably equipped users to access the fixed network wirelessly, providing high speed access (up to 11Mbit/s download) to distant servers. The key WLAN technologies are the IEEE802.11 family and ETSI HIPERLAN/2

WML

Wireless Markup Language; a markup language developed specifically for wireless applications. WML is based on XML

WQAM

Weighted Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

WWW

World Wide Web

XML

eXtended Markup Language

The Consumer Mobile Glossary

Advice of charge

A service which provides the user with information on the cost of calls from a mobile phone

Airtime

The amount of time a subscriber spends using his/her mobile phone

Battery status/Battery charge display

An indication of the amount of battery life remaining

Battery

A chargeable device which provides the mobile phone with power. A variety of battery technologies have been used for mobile phones including nickel cadmium (NiCad), nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li-ion)

Call barring

A service which enables users to bar certain incoming or outgoing calls on their mobile phones

Call timer

A service which keeps track of the amount of airtime being used by the subscriber on a cumulative basis

Call divert

The capability to divert incoming calls to another phone (fixed or mobile) or to an answering service

Call hold

The ability to put an ongoing call on hold whilst answering or making a second call

Caller ID

Caller Identification; displays the name/number of the person calling a mobile phone. Also known as CLI

CLI

See Caller ID

CLR

Clear; the key on a cellular phone which is pressed to remove information from the display

Data capable

Mobile phones which have the capability to enable transmission of data from a laptop computer or PDA via the phone

Dual band

Mobile phones which support transmission and reception of calls on the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands with seamless handover between the two frequency bands

EFR

Enhanced Full Rate (codec); an improved version of the standard voice codec used in GSM phones; offers improved speech quality without impacting on network capacity

END

The key on a cellular phone which is pressed to terminate a call

Infrared data port

A facility on a mobile phone to allow information to be exchanged with other devices e.g. a PC using infra red technology

Lock

A function on a cellular phone which, when activated, prevents use of the phone until the user enters a security code

No Service

An indication on the display of a cellular phone that indicates that the user is in an area where cellular service is unavailable

One-touch dialling

The ability to dial frequently called numbers using a single key stroke; see Speed Dialling

PCN

Personal Communications Networks; an outdated term for GSM services in the 1800MHz band

PDA

Personal Digital Assistant; a sophisticated handheld device with advanced display facilities and a range of business-oriented software programs

Phone book

A list of personal names and numbers stored in a mobile phone.s internal memory or in the SIM card. These numbers can be called by accessing the appropriate memory and making a single key stroke

Personal Identity Number; a number, usually four digits, that must be keyed into a mobile phone to make it work. A security measure to prevent unauthorised usage