Monitoramento de processos filhos
Como vimos, sempre que criamos um processo filho a partir de um programa usando fork, acontece o seguinte -
- O processo atual agora se torna o processo pai
- O novo processo se torna o processo filho
O que acontece se o processo pai terminar sua tarefa mais cedo do que o processo filho e depois sair ou sair? Agora, quem seria o pai do processo filho? O pai do processo filho é o processo init, que é o primeiro processo que inicia todas as tarefas.
Para monitorar o estado de execução do processo filho, para verificar se o processo filho está rodando ou parado ou para verificar o status de execução, etc., as chamadas de sistema wait () e suas variantes são usadas.
Vamos considerar um programa de exemplo, onde o processo pai não espera pelo processo filho, o que resulta no processo init tornando-se o novo pai para o processo filho.
Nome do arquivo: parentprocess_nowait.c
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int pid;
pid = fork();
// Child process
if (pid == 0) {
system("ps -ef");
sleep(10);
system("ps -ef");
} else {
sleep(3);
}
return 0;
}Etapas de compilação e execução
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql 101 1 0 Jan20 ? 00:04:41 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
3108506 5445 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 5446 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 21894 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 21895 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 27309 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 27311 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8295652 32407 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 49830 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 50854 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 64936 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 64937 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 67563 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 68128 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:07 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 68238 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 68999 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 69212 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74090 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74091 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74298 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74299 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 74901 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:38 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
6327201 77274 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 78621 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:33 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 80536 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 80542 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 82050 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 82051 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84116 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84136 0 19 Jan20 ? 21:13:38 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84140 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:28 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 84395 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84396 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84397 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 84928 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84929 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84930 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:30 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84970 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:34 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 85787 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 85789 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86368 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86402 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 87027 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 87629 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 87719 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 88138 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 88140 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 89353 0 99 Jan22 ? 2-07:35:14 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
5942779 91836 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 125358 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 125359 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 127456 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 127457 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8023807 163891 0 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 164130 0 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 sh -c cd /home/cg/root/8023807; timeout 10s main
8023807 164136 164130 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 timeout 10s main
8023807 164137 164136 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 164138 164137 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 164139 164138 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql 101 1 0 Jan20 ? 00:04:41 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
3108506 5445 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 5446 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 21894 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 21895 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 27309 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 27311 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8295652 32407 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 49830 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 50854 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 64936 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 64937 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 67563 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 68128 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:07 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 68238 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 68999 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 69212 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74090 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74091 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74298 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74299 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 74901 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:38 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
6327201 77274 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 78621 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:33 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 80536 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 80542 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 82050 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 82051 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84116 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84136 0 19 Jan20 ? 21:13:48 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84140 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:28 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 84395 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84396 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84397 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 84928 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84929 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84930 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:30 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84970 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:34 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 85787 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 85789 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86368 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86402 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 87027 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 87629 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 87719 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 88138 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 88140 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 89353 0 99 Jan22 ? 2-07:35:24 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
5942779 91836 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 125358 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 125359 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 127456 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 127457 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8023807 164138 0 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 164897 164138 0 05:41 ? 00:00:00 ps -efNote - Observe que o PID do processo pai era 94 e o PID do processo filho era 95. Depois que o processo pai sai, o PPID do processo filho mudou de 94 para 1 (processo init).
A seguir estão as variantes de chamadas de sistema para monitorar o (s) processo (s) filho (s) -
- wait()
- waitpid()
- waitid()
o wait() a chamada do sistema esperaria que um dos filhos encerrasse e retornasse seu status de encerramento no buffer, conforme explicado abaixo.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
pid_t wait(int *status);Esta chamada retorna o ID do processo do filho encerrado em caso de sucesso e -1 em caso de falha. A chamada de sistema wait () suspende a execução do processo atual e espera indefinidamente até que um de seus filhos termine. O status de rescisão da criança está disponível no status.
Vamos modificar o programa anterior, de modo que o processo pai aguarde o processo filho.
/ * Nome do arquivo: parentprocess_waits.c * /
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int pid;
int status;
pid = fork();
// Child process
if (pid == 0) {
system("ps -ef");
sleep(10);
system("ps -ef");
return 3; //exit status is 3 from child process
} else {
sleep(3);
wait(&status);
printf("In parent process: exit status from child is decimal %d, hexa %0x\n", status, status);
}
return 0;
}Etapas de compilação e execução
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql 101 1 0 Jan20 ? 00:04:42 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
3108506 5445 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 5446 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 21894 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 21895 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 27309 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 27311 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8295652 32407 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 49830 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 50854 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:18 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 64936 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 64937 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 67563 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 68128 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:07 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 68238 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 68999 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 69212 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74090 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74091 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 74298 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 74299 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 74901 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:38 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
6327201 77274 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 78621 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:33 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 80536 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
6327201 80542 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:01:09 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 82050 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 82051 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:59 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84116 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84136 0 19 Jan20 ? 21:19:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 84140 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:28 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 84395 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84396 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84397 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 84928 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 84929 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:29 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 84930 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:30 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 84970 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:34 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
3108506 85787 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 85789 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86368 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 86402 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 87027 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
7528790 87629 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:39 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
7528790 87719 0 0 Jan20 ? 00:00:27 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
4688328 88138 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 88140 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:14 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
5942779 89353 0 99 Jan22 ? 2-07:41:15 /sbin/klogd -c 1 -x -x
5942779 91836 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:00:00 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 125358 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 125359 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
4688328 127456 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
3108506 127457 0 0 Jan22 ? 00:01:19 [/sbin/klogd -c ] <defunct>
8023807 191762 0 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 sh -c cd /home/cg/root/8023807; timeout 10s main
8023807 191768 191762 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 timeout 10s main
8023807 191769 191768 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 191770 191769 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 192193 0 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 sh -c cd /home/cg/root/8023807; timeout 10s main
8023807 192199 192193 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 timeout 10s main
8023807 192200 192199 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 192201 192200 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 main
8023807 192202 192201 0 05:47 ? 00:00:00 ps -efNote- Embora o filho retorne o status de saída 3, porque o processo pai vê isso como 768. O status é armazenado no byte de ordem superior, portanto, é armazenado no formato hexadecimal como 0X0300, que é 768 em decimal. A rescisão normal é a seguinte
| Byte de ordem superior (bits 8 a 15) | Byte de ordem inferior (bits 0 a 7) |
| Status de saída (0 a 255) | 0 |
A chamada de sistema wait () tem limitações, pois só pode esperar até a saída do próximo filho. Se precisarmos esperar por um filho específico, não é possível usando wait (), no entanto, é possível usando a chamada de sistema waitpid ().
A chamada do sistema waitpid () esperaria que os filhos especificados terminassem e retornassem seu status de término no buffer, conforme explicado abaixo.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options);A chamada acima retorna o ID do processo do filho encerrado em caso de sucesso e -1 em caso de falha. A chamada de sistema waitpid () suspende a execução do processo atual e espera indefinidamente até que os filhos especificados (conforme o valor pid) terminem. O status de rescisão da criança está disponível no status.
O valor de pid pode ser um dos seguintes -
< -1 - Espere por qualquer processo filho cujo ID do grupo de processo seja igual ao valor absoluto de pid.
-1 - Espere por qualquer processo filho, que é igual ao da chamada de sistema wait ().
0 - Espere por qualquer processo filho cujo ID de grupo de processo seja igual ao do processo de chamada.
>0 - Espere por qualquer processo filho cujo ID de processo seja igual ao valor de pid.
Por padrão, a chamada do sistema waitpid () espera apenas pelos filhos encerrados, mas esse comportamento padrão pode ser modificado usando o argumento options.
Agora vamos considerar um programa como exemplo, esperando por um processo específico com seu id de processo.
/ * Nome do arquivo: waitpid_test.c * /
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
int main() {
int pid;
int pids[3];
int status;
int numprocesses = 0;
int total_processes = 3;
while (numprocesses < total_processes) {
pid = fork();
// Child process
if (pid == 0) {
printf("In child process: process id is %d\n", getpid());
sleep(5);
return 4;
} else {
pids[numprocesses] = pid;
numprocesses++;
printf("In parent process: created process number: %d\n", pid);
}
}
// Waiting for 3rd child process
waitpid(pids[total_processes - 1], &status, 0);
if (WIFEXITED(status) != 0) {
printf("process %d exited normally\n", pids[total_processes - 1]);
printf("exit status from child is %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
} else {
printf("process %d not exited normally\n", pids[total_processes - 1]);
}
return 0;
}Após a compilação e execução, segue-se o resultado.
In child process: process id is 32528
In parent process: created process number: 32528
In child process: process id is 32529
In parent process: created process number: 32528
In parent process: created process number: 32529
In child process: process id is 32530
In parent process: created process number: 32528
In parent process: created process number: 32529
In parent process: created process number: 32530
process 32530 exited normally
exit status from child is 4Agora, vamos verificar a chamada de sistema waitid (). Esta chamada de sistema espera que o processo filho mude de estado.
#include <sys/wait.h>
int waitpid(idtype_t idtype, id_t id, siginfo_t *infop, int options);A chamada de sistema acima espera que o processo filho mude de estado e esta chamada suspende o processo atual / chamador até que qualquer um de seus processos filho mude de estado. O argumento 'infop' é para registrar o estado atual da criança. Esta chamada retorna imediatamente, se o processo já mudou de estado.
O valor de idtype pode ser um dos seguintes -
P_PID - Espere por qualquer processo filho cujo ID do processo seja igual ao do id.
P_PGID - Espere por qualquer processo filho, cujo ID do grupo de processo seja igual ao do id.
P_ALL - Espere por qualquer processo filho e o id será ignorado.
O argumento de opções é para especificar qual estado muda e isso pode ser formado com a operação OR bit a bit com os sinalizadores mencionados abaixo -
WCONTINUED - Retorna o status de qualquer filho que foi interrompido e continuou.
WEXITED - Espera o processo terminar.
WNOHANG - Retorna imediatamente.
WSTOPPED - Aguarda o processo de qualquer criança que tenha parado, ao receber o sinal e retorna o status.
Esta chamada retorna 0, se retornar devido a uma mudança no estado de um de seus filhos e WNOHANG for usado. Ele retorna -1, em caso de erro e define o número de erro apropriado.
/ * Nome do arquivo: waitid_test.c * /
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
int main() {
int pid;
int pids[3];
int status;
int numprocesses = 0;
int total_processes = 3;
siginfo_t siginfo;
while (numprocesses < total_processes) {
pid = fork();
// Child process
if (pid == 0) {
printf("In child process: process id is %d\n", getpid());
sleep(5);
return 2;
} else {
pids[numprocesses] = pid;
numprocesses++;
printf("In parent process: created process number: %d\n", pid);
}
}
// Waiting for 3rd child process
status = waitid(P_PID, pids[total_processes - 1], &siginfo, WEXITED);
if (status == -1) {
perror("waitid error");
return 1;
}
printf("Info received from waitid is: ");
printf("PID of child: %d, real user id of child: %d\n", siginfo.si_pid, siginfo.si_uid);
return 0;
}Após a execução e compilação do programa acima, o seguinte é o resultado.
In child process: process id is 35390
In parent process: created process number: 35390
In child process: process id is 35391
In parent process: created process number: 35390
In parent process: created process number: 35391
In child process: process id is 35392
In parent process: created process number: 35390
In parent process: created process number: 35391
In parent process: created process number: 35392
Info received from waitid is: PID of child: 35392, real user id of child: 4581875