Meningkatkan Kinerja Prediksi

Pada bab ini, kita akan fokus pada pembuatan model yang membantu dalam memprediksi kinerja siswa dengan sejumlah atribut yang disertakan di dalamnya. Fokusnya adalah menampilkan hasil kegagalan siswa dalam suatu ujian.

Proses

Nilai target penilaian adalah G3. Nilai-nilai ini dapat digabungkan dan selanjutnya diklasifikasikan sebagai kegagalan dan kesuksesan. Jika nilai G3 lebih besar dari atau sama dengan 10, maka siswa tersebut dinyatakan lulus ujian.

Contoh

Pertimbangkan contoh berikut di mana kode dieksekusi untuk memprediksi kinerja jika siswa -

import pandas as pd
""" Read data file as DataFrame """
df = pd.read_csv("student-mat.csv", sep=";")
""" Import ML helpers """
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, cross_val_score
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, chi2
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC # Support Vector Machine Classifier model
""" Split Data into Training and Testing Sets """
def split_data(X, Y):
 return train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.2, random_state=17)
""" Confusion Matrix """
def confuse(y_true, y_pred):
 cm = confusion_matrix(y_true=y_true, y_pred=y_pred)
 # print("\nConfusion Matrix: \n", cm)
  fpr(cm)
 ffr(cm)
""" False Pass Rate """
def fpr(confusion_matrix):
 fp = confusion_matrix[0][1]
 tf = confusion_matrix[0][0]
 rate = float(fp) / (fp + tf)
 print("False Pass Rate: ", rate)
""" False Fail Rate """
def ffr(confusion_matrix):
 ff = confusion_matrix[1][0]
 tp = confusion_matrix[1][1]
 rate = float(ff) / (ff + tp)
 print("False Fail Rate: ", rate)
 return rate
""" Train Model and Print Score """
def train_and_score(X, y):
 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = split_data(X, y)
 clf = Pipeline([
 ('reduce_dim', SelectKBest(chi2, k=2)),
 ('train', LinearSVC(C=100))
 ])
 scores = cross_val_score(clf, X_train, y_train, cv=5, n_jobs=2)
 print("Mean Model Accuracy:", np.array(scores).mean())
 clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
 confuse(y_test, clf.predict(X_test))
 print()
""" Main Program """
def main():
 print("\nStudent Performance Prediction")
 # For each feature, encode to categorical values
 class_le = LabelEncoder()
 for column in df[["school", "sex", "address", "famsize", "Pstatus", "Mjob",
"Fjob", "reason", "guardian", "schoolsup", "famsup", "paid", "activities",
"nursery", "higher", "internet", "romantic"]].columns:
 df[column] = class_le.fit_transform(df[column].values)
 # Encode G1, G2, G3 as pass or fail binary values
 for i, row in df.iterrows():
 if row["G1"] >= 10:
 df["G1"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G1"][i] = 0
 if row["G2"] >= 10:
 df["G2"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G2"][i] = 0
 if row["G3"] >= 10:
 df["G3"][i] = 1
 else:
 df["G3"][i] = 0
 # Target values are G3
 y = df.pop("G3")
 # Feature set is remaining features
 X = df
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Knowing G1 & G2 Scores")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
 # Remove grade report 2
 X.drop(["G2"], axis = 1, inplace=True)
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Knowing Only G1 Score")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
 # Remove grade report 1
 X.drop(["G1"], axis=1, inplace=True)
 print("\n\nModel Accuracy Without Knowing Scores")
 print("=====================================")
 train_and_score(X, y)
main()

Keluaran

Kode di atas menghasilkan output seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini

Prediksi diperlakukan dengan mengacu hanya pada satu variabel. Dengan mengacu pada satu variabel maka prediksi kinerja siswa adalah seperti dibawah ini -