C # - Operator Overloading
Anda dapat mendefinisikan ulang atau membebani sebagian besar operator bawaan yang tersedia di C #. Dengan demikian seorang programmer dapat menggunakan operator dengan tipe yang ditentukan pengguna juga. Operator yang kelebihan beban adalah fungsi dengan nama khusus kata kuncioperatordiikuti dengan simbol operator yang sedang didefinisikan. mirip dengan fungsi lainnya, operator yang kelebihan beban memiliki tipe kembalian dan daftar parameter.
Misalnya, melalui fungsi berikut -
public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
Box box = new Box();
box.length = b.length + c.length;
box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
box.height = b.height + c.height;
return box;
}Fungsi di atas mengimplementasikan operator penjumlahan (+) untuk kotak kelas yang ditentukan pengguna. Ia menambahkan atribut dari dua objek Box dan mengembalikan objek Box yang dihasilkan.
Menerapkan Operator Overloading
Program berikut menunjukkan implementasi lengkap -
using System;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication {
class Box {
private double length; // Length of a box
private double breadth; // Breadth of a box
private double height; // Height of a box
public double getVolume() {
return length * breadth * height;
}
public void setLength( double len ) {
length = len;
}
public void setBreadth( double bre ) {
breadth = bre;
}
public void setHeight( double hei ) {
height = hei;
}
// Overload + operator to add two Box objects.
public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
Box box = new Box();
box.length = b.length + c.length;
box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
box.height = b.height + c.height;
return box;
}
}
class Tester {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Box Box1 = new Box(); // Declare Box1 of type Box
Box Box2 = new Box(); // Declare Box2 of type Box
Box Box3 = new Box(); // Declare Box3 of type Box
double volume = 0.0; // Store the volume of a box here
// box 1 specification
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// box 2 specification
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
// volume of box 1
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}", volume);
// volume of box 2
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume);
// Add two object as follows:
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
// volume of box 3
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box3 : {0}", volume);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}Ketika kode di atas dikompilasi dan dijalankan, itu menghasilkan hasil sebagai berikut -
Volume of Box1 : 210
Volume of Box2 : 1560
Volume of Box3 : 5400Operator Overloadable dan Non-Overloadable
Tabel berikut menjelaskan kemampuan kelebihan beban operator di C # -
| Sr.No. | Operator & Deskripsi |
|---|---|
| 1 | +, -, !, ~, ++, -- Operator unary ini mengambil satu operand dan dapat kelebihan beban. |
| 2 | +, -, *, /, % Operator biner ini menggunakan satu operand dan dapat kelebihan beban. |
| 3 | ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= Operator pembanding bisa kelebihan beban. |
| 4 | &&, || Operator logika bersyarat tidak dapat dibebani secara langsung. |
| 5 | +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Operator penugasan tidak dapat kelebihan beban. |
| 6 | =, ., ?:, ->, new, is, sizeof, typeof Operator ini tidak dapat kelebihan beban. |
Contoh
Berdasarkan pembahasan di atas, mari kita memperluas contoh sebelumnya, dan membebani beberapa operator lagi -
using System;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication {
class Box {
private double length; // Length of a box
private double breadth; // Breadth of a box
private double height; // Height of a box
public double getVolume() {
return length * breadth * height;
}
public void setLength( double len ) {
length = len;
}
public void setBreadth( double bre ) {
breadth = bre;
}
public void setHeight( double hei ) {
height = hei;
}
// Overload + operator to add two Box objects.
public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
Box box = new Box();
box.length = b.length + c.length;
box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
box.height = b.height + c.height;
return box;
}
public static bool operator == (Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height
&& lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height ||
lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height < rhs.height
&& lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height >
rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height
<= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
bool status = false;
if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height
>= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth) {
status = true;
}
return status;
}
public override string ToString() {
return String.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
}
}
class Tester {
static void Main(string[] args) {
Box Box1 = new Box(); // Declare Box1 of type Box
Box Box2 = new Box(); // Declare Box2 of type Box
Box Box3 = new Box(); // Declare Box3 of type Box
Box Box4 = new Box();
double volume = 0.0; // Store the volume of a box here
// box 1 specification
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// box 2 specification
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
//displaying the Boxes using the overloaded ToString():
Console.WriteLine("Box 1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Box 2: {0}", Box2.ToString());
// volume of box 1
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}", volume);
// volume of box 2
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume);
// Add two object as follows:
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
Console.WriteLine("Box 3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
// volume of box 3
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box3 : {0}", volume);
//comparing the boxes
if (Box1 > Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is greater than Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater than Box2");
if (Box1 < Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is less than Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not less than Box2");
if (Box1 >= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is greater or equal to Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2");
if (Box1 <= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is less or equal to Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not less or equal to Box2");
if (Box1 != Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not equal to Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2");
Box4 = Box3;
if (Box3 == Box4)
Console.WriteLine("Box3 is equal to Box4");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box3 is not equal to Box4");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}Ketika kode di atas dikompilasi dan dijalankan, itu menghasilkan hasil sebagai berikut -
Box 1: (6, 7, 5)
Box 2: (12, 13, 10)
Volume of Box1 : 210
Volume of Box2 : 1560
Box 3: (18, 20, 15)
Volume of Box3 : 5400
Box1 is not greater than Box2
Box1 is less than Box2
Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2
Box1 is less or equal to Box2
Box1 is not equal to Box2
Box3 is equal to Box4