WebGL - Khối tương tác
Trong chương này, chúng tôi sẽ lấy một ví dụ để minh họa cách vẽ một hình khối 3D có thể xoay bằng cách sử dụng điều khiển chuột.
Ví dụ - Vẽ một hình khối tương tác
Chương trình sau đây cho thấy cách xoay một khối bằng cách sử dụng các điều khiển chuột:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<canvas width = "570" height = "570" id = "my_Canvas"></canvas>
<script>
/*============= Creating a canvas ======================*/
var canvas = document.getElementById('my_Canvas');
gl = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl');
/*========== Defining and storing the geometry ==========*/
var vertices = [
-1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1, 1, 1,-1, -1, 1,-1,
-1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1,
-1,-1,-1, -1, 1,-1, -1, 1, 1, -1,-1, 1,
1,-1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1, 1,
-1,-1,-1, -1,-1, 1, 1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1,
-1, 1,-1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1,
];
var colors = [
5,3,7, 5,3,7, 5,3,7, 5,3,7,
1,1,3, 1,1,3, 1,1,3, 1,1,3,
0,0,1, 0,0,1, 0,0,1, 0,0,1,
1,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,0,0, 1,0,0,
1,1,0, 1,1,0, 1,1,0, 1,1,0,
0,1,0, 0,1,0, 0,1,0, 0,1,0
];
var indices = [
0,1,2, 0,2,3, 4,5,6, 4,6,7,
8,9,10, 8,10,11, 12,13,14, 12,14,15,
16,17,18, 16,18,19, 20,21,22, 20,22,23
];
// Create and store data into vertex buffer
var vertex_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(vertices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Create and store data into color buffer
var color_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(colors), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Create and store data into index buffer
var index_buffer = gl.createBuffer ();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(indices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
/*=================== SHADERS =================== */
var vertCode = 'attribute vec3 position;'+
'uniform mat4 Pmatrix;'+
'uniform mat4 Vmatrix;'+
'uniform mat4 Mmatrix;'+
'attribute vec3 color;'+//the color of the point
'varying vec3 vColor;'+
'void main(void) { '+//pre-built function
'gl_Position = Pmatrix*Vmatrix*Mmatrix*vec4(position, 1.);'+
'vColor = color;'+
'}';
var fragCode = 'precision mediump float;'+
'varying vec3 vColor;'+
'void main(void) {'+
'gl_FragColor = vec4(vColor, 1.);'+
'}';
var vertShader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(vertShader, vertCode);
gl.compileShader(vertShader);
var fragShader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(fragShader, fragCode);
gl.compileShader(fragShader);
var shaderprogram = gl.createProgram();
gl.attachShader(shaderprogram, vertShader);
gl.attachShader(shaderprogram, fragShader);
gl.linkProgram(shaderprogram);
/*======== Associating attributes to vertex shader =====*/
var _Pmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Pmatrix");
var _Vmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Vmatrix");
var _Mmatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(shaderprogram, "Mmatrix");
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer);
var _position = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderprogram, "position");
gl.vertexAttribPointer(_position, 3, gl.FLOAT, false,0,0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(_position);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer);
var _color = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderprogram, "color");
gl.vertexAttribPointer(_color, 3, gl.FLOAT, false,0,0) ;
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(_color);
gl.useProgram(shaderprogram);
/*==================== MATRIX ====================== */
function get_projection(angle, a, zMin, zMax) {
var ang = Math.tan((angle*.5)*Math.PI/180);//angle*.5
return [
0.5/ang, 0 , 0, 0,
0, 0.5*a/ang, 0, 0,
0, 0, -(zMax+zMin)/(zMax-zMin), -1,
0, 0, (-2*zMax*zMin)/(zMax-zMin), 0
];
}
var proj_matrix = get_projection(40, canvas.width/canvas.height, 1, 100);
var mo_matrix = [ 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1 ];
var view_matrix = [ 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0, 0,0,0,1 ];
view_matrix[14] = view_matrix[14]-6;
/*================= Mouse events ======================*/
var AMORTIZATION = 0.95;
var drag = false;
var old_x, old_y;
var dX = 0, dY = 0;
var mouseDown = function(e) {
drag = true;
old_x = e.pageX, old_y = e.pageY;
e.preventDefault();
return false;
};
var mouseUp = function(e){
drag = false;
};
var mouseMove = function(e) {
if (!drag) return false;
dX = (e.pageX-old_x)*2*Math.PI/canvas.width,
dY = (e.pageY-old_y)*2*Math.PI/canvas.height;
THETA+= dX;
PHI+=dY;
old_x = e.pageX, old_y = e.pageY;
e.preventDefault();
};
canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", mouseDown, false);
canvas.addEventListener("mouseup", mouseUp, false);
canvas.addEventListener("mouseout", mouseUp, false);
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", mouseMove, false);
/*=========================rotation================*/
function rotateX(m, angle) {
var c = Math.cos(angle);
var s = Math.sin(angle);
var mv1 = m[1], mv5 = m[5], mv9 = m[9];
m[1] = m[1]*c-m[2]*s;
m[5] = m[5]*c-m[6]*s;
m[9] = m[9]*c-m[10]*s;
m[2] = m[2]*c+mv1*s;
m[6] = m[6]*c+mv5*s;
m[10] = m[10]*c+mv9*s;
}
function rotateY(m, angle) {
var c = Math.cos(angle);
var s = Math.sin(angle);
var mv0 = m[0], mv4 = m[4], mv8 = m[8];
m[0] = c*m[0]+s*m[2];
m[4] = c*m[4]+s*m[6];
m[8] = c*m[8]+s*m[10];
m[2] = c*m[2]-s*mv0;
m[6] = c*m[6]-s*mv4;
m[10] = c*m[10]-s*mv8;
}
/*=================== Drawing =================== */
var THETA = 0,
PHI = 0;
var time_old = 0;
var animate = function(time) {
var dt = time-time_old;
if (!drag) {
dX *= AMORTIZATION, dY*=AMORTIZATION;
THETA+=dX, PHI+=dY;
}
//set model matrix to I4
mo_matrix[0] = 1, mo_matrix[1] = 0, mo_matrix[2] = 0,
mo_matrix[3] = 0,
mo_matrix[4] = 0, mo_matrix[5] = 1, mo_matrix[6] = 0,
mo_matrix[7] = 0,
mo_matrix[8] = 0, mo_matrix[9] = 0, mo_matrix[10] = 1,
mo_matrix[11] = 0,
mo_matrix[12] = 0, mo_matrix[13] = 0, mo_matrix[14] = 0,
mo_matrix[15] = 1;
rotateY(mo_matrix, THETA);
rotateX(mo_matrix, PHI);
time_old = time;
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
// gl.depthFunc(gl.LEQUAL);
gl.clearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9);
gl.clearDepth(1.0);
gl.viewport(0.0, 0.0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Pmatrix, false, proj_matrix);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Vmatrix, false, view_matrix);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(_Mmatrix, false, mo_matrix);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer);
gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, indices.length, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
window.requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
animate(0);
</script>
</body>
</html>Nếu bạn chạy ví dụ này, nó sẽ tạo ra kết quả sau: