Perfil de elevação com rótulos em pontos de referência (QGIS, Python)
Aug 30 2020
Eu gostaria de traçar muitos perfis de elevação com rótulos em waypoints específicos (Pontos de Interesse). No final, deve ser assim:
O DEM e as trilhas (gpx e outros formatos) já estão lá. Agora eu quero criar os perfis de elevação com nomes usando QGIS e scripts.
Já verifiquei os plug-ins de perfil no QGIS, mas nenhum deles é capaz de enviar os nomes de waypoints específicos.
Você conhece uma solução fácil para conseguir isso?
EDIT1: A trilha gpx se parece com isso. Eu quero ter os nomes dos WPT-Features (por exemplo, "vale", "início", "pico") escritos no perfil de elevação
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- track-length = 4644 filtered ascend = 159 plain-ascend = -764 cost=12636 energy=.0kwh time=2h 9m 17s -->
<gpx
xmlns="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1 http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1/gpx.xsd"
creator="BRouter-1.6.1" version="1.1">
<wpt lon="6.005273" lat="44.910205">
<name>start</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="6.000938" lat="44.907256">
<name>valley</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="6.000209" lat="44.904671">
<name>peak1</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="5.984759" lat="44.905219">
<name>peak2</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="5.988064" lat="44.915039">
<name>end</name>
</wpt>
<trk>
<name>hike</name>
<trkseg>
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</trkseg>
</trk>
</gpx>```
Respostas
4 christoph Aug 31 2020 at 20:40
Você pode combinar QGIS com HTML / Javascript ( Highcharts ou qualquer outra estrutura) para produzir perfis de elevação atraentes. Com a ajuda de algumas funções de expressão do Python, é possível usar o recurso QGIS Atlas para mostrar várias trilhas junto com seus waypoints correspondentes. A ideia é criar uma camada de waypoints virtuais que será filtrada pelo nome das trilhas:
- Arraste e solte seu arquivo GPX na tela do mapa QGIS, importe e converta sua camada de trilha de MultiLinestring para Linestring. Chame a camada resultante de "trilha". Em seguida, importe sua camada de waypoint e renomeie-a para "waypoints_orig".
- Adicione uma coluna "nome" à camada de "trilha" e dê a suas trilhas alguns nomes significativos. Em seguida, adicione uma coluna "trilha" à sua camada "waypoints_orig" e atribua os nomes das trilhas correspondentes aos waypoints. Adicione a camada virtual "pontos de referência" ao seu projeto:
vlayer = QgsVectorLayer ("? query = select * from waypoints_orig where track = '' & geometry = geometry", 'waypoints', 'virtual')
QgsProject.instance (). AddMapLayer (vlayer)
- Coloque o seguinte código Python na seção Macro de seu projeto QGIS e habilite as macros Python:
from qgis.core import qgsfunction,QgsCoordinateTransform,QgsProject
from qgis.PyQt.QtCore import QTimer,QEventLoop
from itertools import accumulate
@qgsfunction(args=0, group='Custom', usesgeometry=True)
def GetProfileData(values, feature, parent):
vertices = list(feature.geometry().vertices())
dList,zList = zip(*[[vertices[i-1].distance(vertex),vertex.z()] for i,vertex in enumerate(vertices) if i > 0])
dList = tuple(accumulate(dList))
data = [list(elem) for elem in list(zip(dList,zList))]
data.insert(0,[0,vertices[0].z()])
return str(data)
@qgsfunction(args=0, group='Custom')
def wait1000(values, feature, parent):
loop = QEventLoop()
QTimer.singleShot(1000,loop.quit)
loop.exec_()
return 0
@qgsfunction(args=3, group='Custom', usesgeometry=True)
def GetWaypoints(values, feature, parent):
waypointLayer = values[0]
trackLayer = values[1]
nameFilter = values[2]
wplayer = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName(waypointLayer)[0]
wplayer.setDataSource("?query=select * from waypoints_orig where track='%s'&geometry=geometry" % nameFilter,waypointLayer,'virtual')
loop = QEventLoop()
QTimer.singleShot(1000,loop.quit)
loop.exec_()
trlayer = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName(trackLayer)[0]
geom = feature.geometry()
crsSrc = wplayer.crs()
crsDest = trlayer.crs()
xform = QgsCoordinateTransform(crsSrc, crsDest,QgsProject.instance())
ret = ''
for wpf in wplayer.getFeatures():
wpgeom = wpf.geometry()
wpgeom.transform(xform)
vtx = geom.closestVertex(wpgeom.asPoint())[1]
elev = geom.vertexAt(vtx).z()
d = geom.distanceToVertex(vtx)
print(d)
ret += "{point: { xAxis: 0, yAxis: 0, x: %s, y: %s}, text: '%s'}," % (d,elev, wpf["name"])
ret = ret[0:-1]
return ret
- Gere um Atlas com sua camada de "trilha" como "Camada de cobertura"
- Adicione um quadro HTML ao seu layout:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
#container {
max-width: 850px;
height: 350px;
margin: 1em auto;
}
</style>
<title>Highcharts Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/modules/annotations.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="height: 400px; min-width: 380px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[
var elevationData = [%GetProfileData()%];
Highcharts.chart('container', {
chart: {
type: 'area'
},
title: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
text: "Mountain Trail"
},
subtitle: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
text: 'Total Length: [%round($length)%]m'
},
xAxis: {
labels: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
format: '{value}'
},
minTickInterval: 250,
title: {
text: 'Distance [m]'
}
},
yAxis: {
startOnTick: true,
endOnTick: false,
maxPadding: 0.35,
title: {
text: 'Elevation [m]'
},
labels: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
format: '{value}'
}
},
legend: {
enabled: false
},
annotations: [{
labelOptions: {
backgroundColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)'
},
labels: [[% GetWaypoints('waypoints','track',"name") %]]}
],
plotOptions: {
area: {
fillColor: {
linearGradient: {
x1: 0,
y1: 0,
x2: 0,
y2: 1
},
stops: [
[0,'#8B4513'],
[1, Highcharts.Color(Highcharts.getOptions().colors[2]).setOpacity(0.3).get('rgba')]
]
},
marker: {
radius: 2
},
lineWidth: 1,
states: {
hover: {
lineWidth: 1
}
},
threshold: null
}
},
series: [{
data: elevationData,
lineColor: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[1],
color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[2],
fillOpacity: 0.5,
name: 'Elevation',
marker: {
enabled: false
},
threshold: null
}]
});
//]]>
</script>
</body>
</html>
- Por causa de problemas de tempo, temos que adicionar a função de expressão Python wait1000 () ao quadro HTML (ou seja, usar a substituição de dados definidos para "Excluir item das exportações")
4 BERA Aug 30 2020 at 16:07
Usando seu arquivo xml e matplotlib, você pode obter bons resultados se colocar algum esforço nisso. Os gráficos do Matplotlib podem ser ajustados para se parecerem muito com o seu exemplo. A parte mais complicada era calcular onde colocar os rótulos.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#Function to project geometries to get distances in meters instead of degrees
#From: https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/163645/transforming-single-qgsgeometry-object-from-one-crs-to-another-using-pyqgis
def pr(ingeom):
sourceCrs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem(4326)
destCrs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem(32632)
tr = QgsCoordinateTransform(sourceCrs, destCrs, QgsProject.instance())
ingeom.transform(tr)
return ingeom
tp = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName('track_points')[0]
zfield = 'ele'
orderfield = 'track_seg_point_id'
tpfeats = [f for f in tp.getFeatures()] #List all trackpoints
tpfeats.sort(key=lambda x: x[orderfield]) #Sort by orderfield (maybe they already are(?), doesnt matter)
#List all horizontal distances, the plot x values
hdist = [pr(p1.geometry()).distance(pr(p2.geometry())) for p1,p2 in zip(tpfeats, tpfeats[1:])]
hdist.insert(0,0) #First point
hdist = np.cumsum(hdist)
#List heights
zs = [f[zfield] for f in tpfeats] #The plot y values
#Which track point is closest to each waypoint?
#To know where to place each label in horizontal and height directions
wp = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName('waypoints')[0]
placenamefield = 'name'
wpfeats = [f for f in wp.getFeatures()]
labels = [] #Each waypoints name attribute and the index of the closest trackpoint
for wpf in wpfeats:
closest_trackpoint = min(tpfeats, key=lambda x: pr(x.geometry()).distance(pr(wpf.geometry())))
ix = [tpf.id() for tpf in tpfeats].index(closest_trackpoint.id())
labels.append([wpf[placenamefield], ix])
labels = [[l[0], hdist[l[1]]-100, zs[l[1]]+25] for l in labels] #List of lists like this: [['somelabeltext',horizontal distance, height], ['somelabeltext2',...
#Plot
plt.plot(hdist, zs, 'g')
plt.xlabel("Distance")
plt.ylabel("Elevation")
plt.title("Forgiving terrain 50k")
plt.hlines(range(1600,2700,100), xmin=0, xmax=4500, colors='silver', linestyles='solid')
x1,x2,y1,y2 = plt.axis()
plt.axis((x1,x2,1600,2600))
plt.fill_between(hdist, zs, color='#c1daba')
for labeltext, x, y, in labels:
plt.annotate(labeltext, (x, y), color='g')
plt.show()
O que significa um erro “Não é possível encontrar o símbolo” ou “Não é possível resolver o símbolo”?
George Harrison ficou chateado por suas letras de 'Hurdy Gurdy Man' de Donovan não terem sido usadas