java.lang.NoSuchFieldError saat menggunakan ScalaTest

Sep 20 2020

Saya mendapatkan kesalahan yang cukup sulit untuk di-debug saat menggunakan ScalaTest. Anehnya ini tampaknya terjadi ketika program saya tidak memiliki objek Utama, tetapi tidak jika program saya memiliki objek Utama. Kode saya benar-benar hanya menggunakan kelas tipe dengan metode polimorfik untuk mendapatkan potongan dari daftar, dan terlihat seperti ini (maaf untuk contoh yang sedikit bertele-tele, saya telah menguranginya sebanyak yang saya bisa):

package sportarray

object ArrayDefs {
  abstract class IsArr[A, I0, DT] {
    def getElem(self: A, i: Int): DT
    def getSlice[R](self: A, r: R)(implicit sliceTc: IsSlice[R]): sliceTc.Out = sliceTc.getSlice(self, r)

    trait IsSlice[R] {
      type Out
      def getSlice(self: A, ref: R): Out 
    }
    object IsSlice {
      implicit val iLocTCForInt = new IsSlice[Int] { 
        type Out = DT
        def getSlice(self: A, ref: Int): Out = getElem(self, ref)
      }
      implicit val iLocTCForList = new IsSlice[List[Int]] { 
        type Out = List[DT]
        def getSlice(self: A, ref: List[Int]): Out = ref.map(getElem(self, _))
      }
    }
  }

  object IsArrSyntax {
    implicit class IsArrOps[A, I0, T](self: A)(implicit 
      tc1d: IsArr[A, I0, T]
    ) {
      def getElem(i: Int) = tc1d.getElem(self, i)
      def getSlice[R](r: R)(implicit sliceTc: tc1d.IsSlice[R]) = tc1d.getSlice(self, r)
    }
  }
}

object ListOfListsObj {
  import ArrayDefs._
  case class List1d[I0, T] (
    indices: List[I0],
    data: List[T],
  )
  implicit def list1dIs1dSpArr[A, I0, T] = 
    new IsArr[List1d[I0, T], I0, T] {
      def getElem(self: List1d[I0, T], i: Int) = self.data(i)
    }
}

Pengujian saya sederhana dan terlihat seperti ini, dalam filenya sendiri di direktori pengujian:

package sportarray

import org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec
import org.scalatest.matchers.should.Matchers

class ArraySpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
  "List" should "act as an array" in {
    import ArrayDefs._
    import ArrayDefs.IsArrSyntax._
    import ListOfListsObj._
    val list1d = List1d[Int, Double](List(1,2,3), List(1.0, 2.0, 3.0))
    assert(list1d.getSlice(1) == 2.0)
  }
}

Jika saya sbt testkode ini apa adanya, saya mendapatkan kesalahan berikut:

java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: sportarray$ArrayDefs$IsArrSyntax$IsArrOps$$tc1d
at sportarray.ArraySpec.$anonfun$new$1(HelloSpec.scala:12) at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:85) at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf$(OutcomeOf.scala:83)
at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf$.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:104) at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:22) at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:20) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike$$anon$5.apply(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1683)

Saya kemudian mencoba menambahkan kelas Utama ke program untuk melihat apakah ini masalah dengan tes, atau masalah dengan kode itu sendiri:

object Main extends App {
  import ArrayDefs._
  import ArrayDefs.IsArrSyntax._
  import ListOfListsObj._
  val list1d = List1d[Int, Double](List(1,2,3), List(1.0, 2.0, 3.0))
  assert(list1d.getSlice(1) == 2.0)
}

Ini berfungsi dengan baik jika saya sbt run, dan, anehnya, juga memungkinkan saya untuk berjalan sbt testtanpa masalah. Jika saya kemudian menghapus kelas utama ini, sbt testsekali lagi gagal. Adakah yang bisa menjelaskan apa yang terjadi di sini?

Terima kasih atas bantuannya!

Jawaban

2 DmytroMitin Sep 21 2020 at 21:03

Sebenarnya saya menjalankan Scalatest dari baris perintah dan berhasil

$ scalac -cp .:scalactic_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-core_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-flatspec_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-matchers-core_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-shouldmatchers_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-compatible-3.2.2.jar App.scala AppTest.scala $ scala -cp .:scalactic_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-core_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-flatspec_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-matchers-core_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-shouldmatchers_2.13-3.2.2.jar:scalatest-compatible-3.2.2.jar:scala-xml_2.13-1.3.0.jar org.scalatest.run AppTest
Run starting. Expected test count is: 1
AppTest:
List
- should act as an array
Run completed in 151 milliseconds.
Total number of tests run: 1
Suites: completed 1, aborted 0
Tests: succeeded 1, failed 0, canceled 0, ignored 0, pending 0
All tests passed.

sementara di IntelliJ dan sbt gagal:

(IntelliJ)

An exception or error caused a run to abort: App$ArrayDefs$IsArrSyntax$IsArrOps$$tc1d
java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: App$ArrayDefs$IsArrSyntax$IsArrOps$$tc1d
    at AppTest.$anonfun$new$1(AppTest.scala:10) at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:85) at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf$(OutcomeOf.scala:83)
    at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf$.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:104) at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:22) at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:20) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike$$anon$5.apply(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1683) at org.scalatest.TestSuite.withFixture(TestSuite.scala:196) at org.scalatest.TestSuite.withFixture$(TestSuite.scala:195)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.withFixture(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.invokeWithFixture$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1681) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$runTest$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1693)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestImpl(Engine.scala:306)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTest(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1693)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTest$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1675) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.runTest(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$runTests$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1751)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.$anonfun$runTestsInBranch$1(Engine.scala:413) at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:333) at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.traverseSubNodes$1(Engine.scala:401)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsInBranch(Engine.scala:390)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.$anonfun$runTestsInBranch$1(Engine.scala:427) at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:333) at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.traverseSubNodes$1(Engine.scala:401)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsInBranch(Engine.scala:396)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsImpl(Engine.scala:475)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTests(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1751)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTests$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1750) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.runTests(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685) at org.scalatest.Suite.run(Suite.scala:1112) at org.scalatest.Suite.run$(Suite.scala:1094)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.org$scalatest$flatspec$AnyFlatSpecLike$$super$run(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$run$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1796)
    at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runImpl(Engine.scala:535)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.run(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1796)
    at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.run$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1794) at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.run(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685) at org.scalatest.tools.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.scala:45) at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun$13(Runner.scala:1320) at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun$13$adapted(Runner.scala:1314)
    at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:333)
    at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.doRunRunRunDaDoRunRun(Runner.scala:1314) at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$24(Runner.scala:993) at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.$anonfun$runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter$24$adapted(Runner.scala:971)
    at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.withClassLoaderAndDispatchReporter(Runner.scala:1480) at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.runOptionallyWithPassFailReporter(Runner.scala:971)
    at org.scalatest.tools.Runner$.run(Runner.scala:798)
    at org.scalatest.tools.Runner.run(Runner.scala)
    at org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.testingSupport.scalaTest.ScalaTestRunner.runScalaTest2or3(ScalaTestRunner.java:40)
    at org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.testingSupport.scalaTest.ScalaTestRunner.main(ScalaTestRunner.java:27)

(sbt)

[error] java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: App$ArrayDefs$IsArrSyntax$IsArrOps$$tc1d [error] at AppTest.$anonfun$new$1(AppTest.scala:10)
[error]     at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:85)
[error]     at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf.outcomeOf$(OutcomeOf.scala:83) [error] at org.scalatest.OutcomeOf$.outcomeOf(OutcomeOf.scala:104)
[error]     at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:22)
[error]     at org.scalatest.Transformer.apply(Transformer.scala:20)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike$$anon$5.apply(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1683)
[error]     at org.scalatest.TestSuite.withFixture(TestSuite.scala:196)
[error]     at org.scalatest.TestSuite.withFixture$(TestSuite.scala:195) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.withFixture(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.invokeWithFixture$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1681)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$runTest$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1693) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestImpl(Engine.scala:306) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTest(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1693) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTest$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1675)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.runTest(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$runTests$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1751) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.$anonfun$runTestsInBranch$1(Engine.scala:413)
[error]     at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:333)
[error]     at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.traverseSubNodes$1(Engine.scala:401) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsInBranch(Engine.scala:390) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.$anonfun$runTestsInBranch$1(Engine.scala:427)
[error]     at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:333)
[error]     at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.traverseSubNodes$1(Engine.scala:401) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsInBranch(Engine.scala:396) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runTestsImpl(Engine.scala:475) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTests(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1751) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.runTests$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1750)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.runTests(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685)
[error]     at org.scalatest.Suite.run(Suite.scala:1112)
[error]     at org.scalatest.Suite.run$(Suite.scala:1094) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.org$scalatest$flatspec$AnyFlatSpecLike$$super$run(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.$anonfun$run$1(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1796) [error] at org.scalatest.SuperEngine.runImpl(Engine.scala:535) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.run(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1796) [error] at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpecLike.run$(AnyFlatSpecLike.scala:1794)
[error]     at org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec.run(AnyFlatSpec.scala:1685)
[error]     at org.scalatest.tools.Framework.org$scalatest$tools$Framework$$runSuite(Framework.scala:318)
[error]     at org.scalatest.tools.Framework$ScalaTestTask.execute(Framework.scala:513) [error] at sbt.TestRunner.runTest$1(TestFramework.scala:139)
[error]     at sbt.TestRunner.run(TestFramework.scala:154)
[error]     at sbt.TestFramework$$anon$3$$anonfun$$lessinit$greater$1.$anonfun$apply$1(TestFramework.scala:317) [error] at sbt.TestFramework$.sbt$TestFramework$$withContextLoader(TestFramework.scala:277)
[error]     at sbt.TestFramework$$anon$3$$anonfun$$lessinit$greater$1.apply(TestFramework.scala:317)
[error]     at sbt.TestFramework$$anon$3$$anonfun$$lessinit$greater$1.apply(TestFramework.scala:317)
[error]     at sbt.TestFunction.apply(TestFramework.scala:329)
[error]     at sbt.Tests$.$anonfun$toTask$1(Tests.scala:311)
[error]     at sbt.std.Transform$$anon$3.$anonfun$apply$2(Transform.scala:46) [error] at sbt.std.Transform$$anon$4.work(Transform.scala:67) [error] at sbt.Execute.$anonfun$submit$2(Execute.scala:281)
[error]     at sbt.internal.util.ErrorHandling$.wideConvert(ErrorHandling.scala:19) [error] at sbt.Execute.work(Execute.scala:290) [error] at sbt.Execute.$anonfun$submit$1(Execute.scala:281)
[error]     at sbt.ConcurrentRestrictions$$anon$4.$anonfun$submitValid$1(ConcurrentRestrictions.scala:178) [error] at sbt.CompletionService$$anon$2.call(CompletionService.scala:37) [error] at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) [error] at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
[error]     at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
[error]     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
[error]     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [error] at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [error] (Test / executeTests) java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: App$ArrayDefs$IsArrSyntax$IsArrOps$$tc1d

Jadi masalahnya tampaknya bagaimana IntelliJ dan sbt menjalankan Scalatest.

NoSuchFieldError Java

Java NoSuchFieldError saat menggunakan Refleksi

https://github.com/unicredit/hbase-rdd/issues/21