Buat tabel sesuai halaman

Question

Meja saya terlalu lebar. Adakah yang tahu bagaimana membuatnya sesuai dengan halaman?

Ini kode saya:

    \begin{table}[]
\scalebox{0.8}{


\begin{tabular}{llll}
\rowcolor[HTML]{9B9B9B} 
{\color[HTML]{000000} \textbf{Activity}} & {\color[HTML]{000000} \textbf{Aspects}} & {\color[HTML]{000000} \textbf{Impacts}} & {\color[HTML]{000000} \textbf{Level of influence}} \\
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
Anode production &  &  &  \\ \hline
Energy and anode baking & CO$_2$ emissions & Global warming & Global \\ \hline
Anode butts & Emission of SO$_2$, NO$_x$ and fluorides & Negative impact on air, soil and water & Regional, local \\ \hline
 & Emissions of dust & Poor air quality, human health & Local \\ \hline
 & PAH emissions & Human health, accumulates in marine species (e.g. mussels) & Local \\ \hline
Use of cooling water & Emissons to water & Negative impact on the marine environment & Local \\ \hline
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
Electrolysis, aluminum smelting &  &  &  \\ \hline
Energy and anode consumption & CO$_2$ emissions & Global warming & Global \\ \hline
Anode effects & PFC emissions & Global warming & Global \\ \hline
Anode consumption & SO$_2$ emissions & Environmental acidification, health problems & Regional, local \\ \hline
 & NO$_x$ emissions, fluorides & respiratory diseases,  acid rain & Regional, local \\ \hline
 & Carbon monoxide & ozone precursors & Local \\ \hline
 & SPL &  & Local \\ \hline
 & Metal compounds & Toxic for environment & Local \\ \hline
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
Casting and remelting &  &  &  \\
Energy consumption & CO$_2$ emissions & Global warming & Global \\ \hline
Fuel consumption & SO$_2$ emissions & Environmental acidification, health problems & Regional, local \\ \hline
Burning & NO$_x$ emissions & respiratory diseases,  acid rain & Regional, local \\ \hline
 & Volatile organic compounds & ozone precursors & Local \\ \hline
Skimming & Emission of dross & Toxic for environment & Local \\ \hline
\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

Answer 1

Dalam orientasi potret, dengan tabularxdan cellspace:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell, tabularx}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}%
                    \linespread{0.84}\selectfont}X}
\usepackage[column=O]{cellspace}
    \setlength\cellspacetoplimit{2pt}
    \setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{2pt}
    \addparagraphcolumntypes{L}

\usepackage{mhchem}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}
    \setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
    \small
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} O{L} >{\hsize=0.8\hsize}O{L}
                                      >{\hsize=1.2\hsize}O{L} 
                                l
                             @{}}
    \toprule
\textbf{Activity}
    &   \textbf{Aspects}
        &   \textbf{Impacts}
            &   \textbf{\makecell[l]{Level of\\ influence}}    \\
    \specialrule{\lightrulewidth}{\abovetopsep}{0pt}
    \rowcolor{gray!20}
\multicolumn{4}{Ol}{\textbf{Anode production}}   \\
Energy and anode baking
    &   \ce{CO2} emissions
        &   Global warming
            &   Global                              \\
Anode butts
    &   Emission of \ce{SO2}, \ce{NO_x} and fluorides
        &   Negative impact on air, soil and water
            &   Regional, local                     \\
    &   Emissions of dust
        & Poor air quality, human health
            & Local                                 \\
    & PAH emissions
        & Human health, accumulates in marine species (e.g. mussels)
            & Local                                 \\
Use of cooling water
    &   Emissions to water
        &   Negative impact on the marine environment
            &   Local                               \\
    \specialrule{\lightrulewidth}{\abovetopsep}{0pt}
    \rowcolor{gray!30}
\multicolumn{4}{Ol}{\textbf{Electrolysis, aluminum smelting}}\\
Energy and anode consumption
    &   \ce{CO2} emissions
        &   Global warming
            &   Global                              \\
Anode effects
    &   PFC emissions
        &   Global warming
            &   Global                              \\
Anode consumption
    &   \ce{CO2} emissions
        &   Environmental acidification, health problems
            &   Regional, local                     \\
    &   \ce{NO_x} emissions, fluorides
        &   respiratory diseases, acid rain
            &   Regional, local                     \\
    &   Carbon monoxide
        &   ozone precursors
            &   Local                               \\
    & SPL
        &
            &   Local                               \\
    &   Metal compounds
        &   Toxic for environment
            &   Local                               \\
    \specialrule{\lightrulewidth}{\abovetopsep}{0pt}
    \rowcolor{gray!30}
\multicolumn{4}{Ol}{\textbf{Casting and remelting}}\\
Energy consumption
    &   \ce{CO2} emissions
        &   Global warming
            &   Global                          \\
Fuel consumption
    &   \ce{SO2} emissions
            & Environmental acidification, health problems
            & Regional, local                   \\
Burning
    &   \ce{NO_x} emissions
        &   respiratory diseases, acid rain
            &   Regional, local                 \\
    &   Volatile organic compounds
        &   ozone precursors 
            & Local                             \\
Skimming
    &   Emission of dross
        &   Toxic for environment
            &   Local                           \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
    \end{table}
\end{document}   

Tambahan. Mengenai komentar Anda tentang lebar kolom:

LLebar kolom diatur oleh >{\hsize=<ratio>. \hsize}. Jika <ratio>adalah 1 Pada jumlah ini semua <ratio>harus sama dengan jumlah Lkolom pada tabel. Dalam kasus Anda, seharusnya 3 (tiga):

> O{L}                   % <--- ratio is 1
>{\hsize=0.8\hsize}O{L}  % <--- ratio is 0.8
>{\hsize=1.2\hsize}O{L}  % <--- ratio is 1.2
                         -------------------       
                                   sum = 3

Dengan cara ini Anda dapat mengubah rasio antara belas Lkolom di tabel Anda. Misalnya, tabel dipersempit lebar kolom pertama:

\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} 
                 >{\hsize=0.6\hsize}O{L} %  0.8
                                    O{L} %  1.0
                 >{\hsize=1.4\hsize}O{L} %  1.2
                                       l
                             @{}}

Menggunakan tabel ini pembukaan di atas MWE menghasilkan:

Addendum (2): Jika Anda ingin memiliki teks yang dibenarkan di kolom Anda, daripada tidak menggunakan Lpenentu kolom tapi X. Untuk mempertahankan beberapa fitur Ldefinisi kolom juga di Xkolom, Anda harus memilih:

• di setiap penggunaan Xopsi tambah>{\hspace{0pt}\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
• atau jenis kolom baru yang ditentukan, misalnya Y, yang mempertimbangkan pengaturan di atas:

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\hspace{0pt}\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}X}
% using this, "L" column can be now defined as
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}Y}

Saya yakin, sekaranglah saatnya, Anda membuat diri Anda lebih terbiasa dengan pengaturan meja. Dasar-dasar tentang mereka dapat Anda temukan di masukkan deskripsi tautan di sini . Juga membantu bereksperimen dengan berbagai jenis kolom dalam tabel.

Answer 2

Berikut adalah solusi yang menghilangkan adjustboxpendekatan dan memungkinkan pemutusan baris otomatis di keempat kolom dengan bantuan tabularxpaket dan lingkungan LaTeX eponimnya.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\hsize=#1\hsize%
         \hangafter=1\hangindent=1em}X}
\usepackage[letterpaper,margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{mhchem}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}

\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{L{0.86}L{1.14}L{1.3}L{0.7}}

\rowcolor[HTML]{9B9B9B} 
\textbf{Activity} & \textbf{Aspects} & 
\textbf{Impacts}  & \textbf{Level of influence} \\
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Anode production}  \\ 
Energy and anode baking & \ce{CO2} emissions & Global warming & Global \\ 
Anode butts & Emission of \ce{SO2}, \ce{NO_x} and fluorides & Negative impact on air, soil and water & Regional, local \\ 
 & Emissions of dust & Poor air quality, human health & Local \\ 
 & PAH emissions & Human health, accumulates in marine species (e.g. mussels) & Local \\ 
Use of cooling water & Emissons to water & Negative impact on the marine environment & Local \\ 
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Electrolysis, aluminum smelting} \\ 
Energy and anode consumption & \ce{CO2} emissions & Global warming & Global \\ 
Anode effects & PFC emissions & Global warming & Global \\ 
Anode consumption & \ce{SO2} emissions & Environmental acidification, health problems & Regional, local \\ 
 & \ce{NO_x} emissions, fluorides & respiratory diseases,  acid rain & Regional, local \\ 
 & Carbon monoxide & ozone precursors & Local \\ 
 & SPL &  & Local \\ 
 & Metal compounds & Toxic for environment & Local \\ 
\rowcolor[HTML]{C0C0C0} 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Casting and remelting}  \\
Energy consumption & \ce{CO2} emissions & Global warming & Global \\ 
Fuel consumption & \ce{SO2} emissions & Environmental acidification, health problems & Regional, local \\ 
Burning & \ce{NO_x} emissions & respiratory diseases,  acid rain & Regional, local \\ 
 & Volatile organic compounds & ozone precursors & Local \\ 
Skimming & Emission of dross & Toxic for environment & Local \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 3

IMHO, tabel Anda terlalu lebar untuk halaman biasa. Seperti yang dapat dilihat pada jawaban lain, mungkin saja untuk menyesuaikannya dengan halaman tetapi Anda berakhir dengan banyak teks multiline yang sulit dibaca di tabel karena Anda mudah tersesat. Karena itu saya menyarankan untuk menggunakan sidewaystablelingkungan rotatingpaket dan memiliki tabel dalam format lanskap di dokumen. Ini juga membuatnya lebih mudah dibaca.

Selain itu, saya sarankan menggunakan mhchempaket untuk rumus kimia Anda seperti SO ₂ .

Last but not least, saya membiarkan diri saya sedikit memformat ulang tabel untuk meningkatkan keterbacaan kode dan tabel yang dihasilkan.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{rotating}

\usepackage{mhchem}

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}

\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable}
    \begin{tabular}{
            L{0.2\linewidth}
            L{0.2\linewidth}
            L{0.4\linewidth}
            L{0.2\linewidth}
        }
        \toprule
        
        \textbf{Activity} 
            & \textbf{Aspects} 
            & \textbf{Impacts} 
            & \textbf{Level of influence}\\
        
        \midrule
    
        \multicolumn{4}{l}{\textbf{Anode production}}\\
        Energy and anode baking 
            & \ce{CO2} emissions 
            & Global warming 
            & Global\\
    
        Anode butts 
            & Emission of \ce{SO2}, $\ce{NO_x}$ and fluorides 
            & Negative impact on air, soil and water 
            & Regional, local\\
     
            & Emissions of dust 
            & Poor air quality, human health & Local\\
    
            & PAH emissions 
            & Human health, accumulates in marine species (e.g. mussels) 
            & Local\\
    
        Use of cooling water 
            & Emissons to water 
            & Negative impact on the marine environment 
            & Local\\
        
        \midrule
        
        \multicolumn{4}{l}{\textbf{Electrolysis, aluminum smelting}}\\
        Energy and anode consumption 
            & \ce{CO2} emissions 
            & Global warming 
            & Global\\
            
        Anode effects 
            & PFC emissions 
            & Global warming 
            & Global\\
            
        Anode consumption 
            & \ce{CO2} emissions 
            & Environmental acidification, health problems 
            & Regional, local\\
            
            & $\ce{NO_x}$ emissions, fluorides 
            & respiratory diseases, acid rain 
            & Regional, local\\
            
            & Carbon monoxide 
            & ozone precursors 
            & Local\\
            
            & SPL 
            &  
            & Local\\
            
            & Metal compounds 
            & Toxic for environment 
            & Local\\
            
        \midrule
            
        \multicolumn{4}{l}{\textbf{Casting and remelting}}\\
        Energy consumption 
            & \ce{CO2} emissions 
            & Global warming 
            & Global\\
            
        Fuel consumption 
            & \ce{SO2} emissions 
            & Environmental acidification, health problems 
            & Regional, local\\
            
        Burning 
            & $\ce{NO_x}$ emissions 
            & respiratory diseases, acid rain 
            & Regional, local\\
            
            & Volatile organic compounds 
            & ozone precursors & Local\\
            
        Skimming 
            & Emission of dross 
            & Toxic for environment 
            & Local\\
        
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

---

PS: Mohon berikan dokumen contoh kerja minimal (MWE) kedepannya.