Profil d'élévation avec étiquettes sur les waypoints (QGIS, Python)
Aug 30 2020
Je voudrais tracer de nombreux profils d'élévation avec des étiquettes sur des points de cheminement spécifiques (points d'intérêt). En fin de compte, cela devrait ressembler à ceci:
Le DEM et les pistes (gpx et autres formats) sont déjà là. Maintenant, je veux créer les profils d'élévation avec des noms à l'aide de QGIS et de scripts.
J'ai déjà vérifié les plugins de profil dans QGIS mais aucun d'entre eux n'est capable de sortir les noms de waypoints spécifiques.
Connaissez-vous une solution de contournement simple pour y parvenir?
EDIT1: La piste gpx ressemble à ceci. Je veux que les noms des fonctionnalités WPT (par exemple "vallée", "début", "pic") soient écrits sur le profil d'élévation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- track-length = 4644 filtered ascend = 159 plain-ascend = -764 cost=12636 energy=.0kwh time=2h 9m 17s -->
<gpx
xmlns="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1 http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1/gpx.xsd"
creator="BRouter-1.6.1" version="1.1">
<wpt lon="6.005273" lat="44.910205">
<name>start</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="6.000938" lat="44.907256">
<name>valley</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="6.000209" lat="44.904671">
<name>peak1</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="5.984759" lat="44.905219">
<name>peak2</name>
</wpt>
<wpt lon="5.988064" lat="44.915039">
<name>end</name>
</wpt>
<trk>
<name>hike</name>
<trkseg>
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</trkseg>
</trk>
</gpx>```
Réponses
4 christoph Aug 31 2020 at 20:40
Vous pouvez combiner QGIS avec HTML / Javascript ( Highcharts ou tout autre framework) pour produire des profils d'élévation attrayants. Avec l'aide de certaines fonctions d'expression Python, il est possible d'utiliser la fonction QGIS Atlas pour afficher plusieurs pistes avec leurs waypoints correspondants. L'idée est de créer une couche de waypoints virtuels qui sera filtrée par le nom des traces:
- Faites glisser et déposez votre fichier GPX dans le canevas de carte QGIS, importez et convertissez votre couche de piste de MultiLinestring vers Linestring. Appelez la couche résultante "piste". Importez ensuite votre calque de waypoints et renommez-le en "waypoints_orig".
- Ajoutez une colonne «nom» à votre calque «piste» et donnez à vos pistes des noms significatifs. Ajoutez ensuite une colonne "trace" à votre couche "waypoints_orig" et attribuez les noms de trace correspondants aux waypoints. Ajoutez la couche virtuelle "waypoints" à votre projet:
vlayer = QgsVectorLayer ("? query = select * from waypoints_orig where track = '' & geometry = geometry", 'waypoints', 'virtual')
QgsProject.instance (). AddMapLayer (vlayer)
- Placez le code Python suivant dans la section Macro de votre projet QGIS et activez les macros Python:
from qgis.core import qgsfunction,QgsCoordinateTransform,QgsProject
from qgis.PyQt.QtCore import QTimer,QEventLoop
from itertools import accumulate
@qgsfunction(args=0, group='Custom', usesgeometry=True)
def GetProfileData(values, feature, parent):
vertices = list(feature.geometry().vertices())
dList,zList = zip(*[[vertices[i-1].distance(vertex),vertex.z()] for i,vertex in enumerate(vertices) if i > 0])
dList = tuple(accumulate(dList))
data = [list(elem) for elem in list(zip(dList,zList))]
data.insert(0,[0,vertices[0].z()])
return str(data)
@qgsfunction(args=0, group='Custom')
def wait1000(values, feature, parent):
loop = QEventLoop()
QTimer.singleShot(1000,loop.quit)
loop.exec_()
return 0
@qgsfunction(args=3, group='Custom', usesgeometry=True)
def GetWaypoints(values, feature, parent):
waypointLayer = values[0]
trackLayer = values[1]
nameFilter = values[2]
wplayer = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName(waypointLayer)[0]
wplayer.setDataSource("?query=select * from waypoints_orig where track='%s'&geometry=geometry" % nameFilter,waypointLayer,'virtual')
loop = QEventLoop()
QTimer.singleShot(1000,loop.quit)
loop.exec_()
trlayer = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName(trackLayer)[0]
geom = feature.geometry()
crsSrc = wplayer.crs()
crsDest = trlayer.crs()
xform = QgsCoordinateTransform(crsSrc, crsDest,QgsProject.instance())
ret = ''
for wpf in wplayer.getFeatures():
wpgeom = wpf.geometry()
wpgeom.transform(xform)
vtx = geom.closestVertex(wpgeom.asPoint())[1]
elev = geom.vertexAt(vtx).z()
d = geom.distanceToVertex(vtx)
print(d)
ret += "{point: { xAxis: 0, yAxis: 0, x: %s, y: %s}, text: '%s'}," % (d,elev, wpf["name"])
ret = ret[0:-1]
return ret
- Générez un Atlas avec votre calque "piste" en tant que "Calque de couverture"
- Ajoutez un cadre HTML à votre mise en page:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
#container {
max-width: 850px;
height: 350px;
margin: 1em auto;
}
</style>
<title>Highcharts Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/modules/annotations.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="height: 400px; min-width: 380px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[
var elevationData = [%GetProfileData()%];
Highcharts.chart('container', {
chart: {
type: 'area'
},
title: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
text: "Mountain Trail"
},
subtitle: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
text: 'Total Length: [%round($length)%]m'
},
xAxis: {
labels: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
format: '{value}'
},
minTickInterval: 250,
title: {
text: 'Distance [m]'
}
},
yAxis: {
startOnTick: true,
endOnTick: false,
maxPadding: 0.35,
title: {
text: 'Elevation [m]'
},
labels: {
style: { color: "#2b435d" },
format: '{value}'
}
},
legend: {
enabled: false
},
annotations: [{
labelOptions: {
backgroundColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)'
},
labels: [[% GetWaypoints('waypoints','track',"name") %]]}
],
plotOptions: {
area: {
fillColor: {
linearGradient: {
x1: 0,
y1: 0,
x2: 0,
y2: 1
},
stops: [
[0,'#8B4513'],
[1, Highcharts.Color(Highcharts.getOptions().colors[2]).setOpacity(0.3).get('rgba')]
]
},
marker: {
radius: 2
},
lineWidth: 1,
states: {
hover: {
lineWidth: 1
}
},
threshold: null
}
},
series: [{
data: elevationData,
lineColor: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[1],
color: Highcharts.getOptions().colors[2],
fillOpacity: 0.5,
name: 'Elevation',
marker: {
enabled: false
},
threshold: null
}]
});
//]]>
</script>
</body>
</html>
- En raison de problèmes de synchronisation, nous devons ajouter la fonction d'expression Python wait1000 () au cadre HTML (c'est-à-dire utiliser le remplacement défini par les données pour "Exclure l'élément des exportations")
4 BERA Aug 30 2020 at 16:07
En utilisant votre fichier xml et matplotlib, vous pouvez obtenir de bons résultats si vous y mettez un peu d'effort. Les graphiques Matplotlib peuvent être modifiés pour ressembler beaucoup à votre exemple. La partie la plus délicate a été de calculer où placer les étiquettes.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#Function to project geometries to get distances in meters instead of degrees
#From: https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/163645/transforming-single-qgsgeometry-object-from-one-crs-to-another-using-pyqgis
def pr(ingeom):
sourceCrs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem(4326)
destCrs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem(32632)
tr = QgsCoordinateTransform(sourceCrs, destCrs, QgsProject.instance())
ingeom.transform(tr)
return ingeom
tp = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName('track_points')[0]
zfield = 'ele'
orderfield = 'track_seg_point_id'
tpfeats = [f for f in tp.getFeatures()] #List all trackpoints
tpfeats.sort(key=lambda x: x[orderfield]) #Sort by orderfield (maybe they already are(?), doesnt matter)
#List all horizontal distances, the plot x values
hdist = [pr(p1.geometry()).distance(pr(p2.geometry())) for p1,p2 in zip(tpfeats, tpfeats[1:])]
hdist.insert(0,0) #First point
hdist = np.cumsum(hdist)
#List heights
zs = [f[zfield] for f in tpfeats] #The plot y values
#Which track point is closest to each waypoint?
#To know where to place each label in horizontal and height directions
wp = QgsProject.instance().mapLayersByName('waypoints')[0]
placenamefield = 'name'
wpfeats = [f for f in wp.getFeatures()]
labels = [] #Each waypoints name attribute and the index of the closest trackpoint
for wpf in wpfeats:
closest_trackpoint = min(tpfeats, key=lambda x: pr(x.geometry()).distance(pr(wpf.geometry())))
ix = [tpf.id() for tpf in tpfeats].index(closest_trackpoint.id())
labels.append([wpf[placenamefield], ix])
labels = [[l[0], hdist[l[1]]-100, zs[l[1]]+25] for l in labels] #List of lists like this: [['somelabeltext',horizontal distance, height], ['somelabeltext2',...
#Plot
plt.plot(hdist, zs, 'g')
plt.xlabel("Distance")
plt.ylabel("Elevation")
plt.title("Forgiving terrain 50k")
plt.hlines(range(1600,2700,100), xmin=0, xmax=4500, colors='silver', linestyles='solid')
x1,x2,y1,y2 = plt.axis()
plt.axis((x1,x2,1600,2600))
plt.fill_between(hdist, zs, color='#c1daba')
for labeltext, x, y, in labels:
plt.annotate(labeltext, (x, y), color='g')
plt.show()
