Cara mengurutkan entri registri berdasarkan waktu penulisan terakhir / waktu modifikasi terakhir di PowerShell
Saya belajar PowerShell, saya menggunakan PSCore7.1 di Windows 10 20H2, saat ini saya bisa melakukan ini:
Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\" -Directory -Recurse -Depth 5 | Where-Object{$_.LastWriteTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd") -eq "2020-12-14"} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime
Untuk mendapatkan subfolder secara rekursif dalam kedalaman tertentu (dalam hal ini 5) dari direktori tertentu (dalam hal ini C :), kemudian temukan objek yang dimodifikasi dalam rentang waktu tertentu (dalam hal ini hari ini atau 14 Desember 2020), dan terakhir urutkan hasil berdasarkan stempel waktu.
Tetapi ketika saya menjalankan get-childitem untuk melihat registri, seperti ini:
Get-ChildItem -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE"
Hanya ada dua item: Nama dan Properti, tidak ada stempel waktu, dan di regedit.exe juga tidak ada stempel waktu, jadi bagaimana cara mengurutkan kunci registri berdasarkan waktu modifikasi terakhir seperti perintah yang saya posting di atas menggunakan PowerShell?
Sunting: Saya telah membaca di sini di Pengguna Super Saya dapat mengekspor kunci registri ke file txt di Editor Registri untuk melihat cap waktu mereka, meskipun sederhana, itu tidak relevan dengan pertanyaan ini karena saya ingin mengurutkan kunci registri dengan stempel waktu di konsol.
Edit Ulang:
Saya telah menjalankan perintah ini:
get-childitem -path "HKLM:\" | Get-Member
Dan inilah hasilnya:
TypeName: Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Close Method void Close()
CreateSubKey Method Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey CreateSubKey(string subkey), Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey CreateSubKey(string subkey, bool writable…
DeleteSubKey Method void DeleteSubKey(string subkey), void DeleteSubKey(string subkey, bool throwOnMissingSubKey)
DeleteSubKeyTree Method void DeleteSubKeyTree(string subkey), void DeleteSubKeyTree(string subkey, bool throwOnMissingSubKey)
DeleteValue Method void DeleteValue(string name), void DeleteValue(string name, bool throwOnMissingValue)
Dispose Method void Dispose(), void IDisposable.Dispose()
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj)
Flush Method void Flush()
GetAccessControl Method System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity GetAccessControl(), System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity GetAccessCon…
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetLifetimeService Method System.Object GetLifetimeService()
GetSubKeyNames Method string[] GetSubKeyNames()
GetType Method type GetType()
GetValue Method System.Object GetValue(string name), System.Object GetValue(string name, System.Object defaultValue), System.Object GetValue(s…
GetValueKind Method Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind GetValueKind(string name)
GetValueNames Method string[] GetValueNames()
InitializeLifetimeService Method System.Object InitializeLifetimeService()
OpenSubKey Method Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey OpenSubKey(string name), Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey OpenSubKey(string name, bool writable), Micro…
SetAccessControl Method void SetAccessControl(System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity registrySecurity)
SetValue Method void SetValue(string name, System.Object value), void SetValue(string name, System.Object value, Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValue…
ToString Method string ToString()
Property NoteProperty string[] Property=System.String[]
PSChildName NoteProperty string PSChildName=BCD00000000
PSDrive NoteProperty PSDriveInfo PSDrive=HKLM
PSIsContainer NoteProperty bool PSIsContainer=True
PSParentPath NoteProperty string PSParentPath=Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
PSPath NoteProperty string PSPath=Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\BCD00000000
PSProvider NoteProperty ProviderInfo PSProvider=Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
Handle Property Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeRegistryHandle Handle {get;}
Name Property string Name {get;}
SubKeyCount Property int SubKeyCount {get;}
ValueCount Property int ValueCount {get;}
View Property Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView View {get;}
Seperti yang Anda lihat, tidak ada stempel waktu ...
Kutip: Apakah ada cara untuk melihat tanggal perubahan pada kunci / nilai registri Windows?
Bukti:
Key Name: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\._bsln140
Class Name: <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time: 2020-12-11 - 14:54
Value 0
Name: <NO NAME>
Type: REG_SZ
Data: VisualStudio.Launcher._bsln140
Jawaban
Sayangnya, ini bisa menjadi rumit karena cara windows mengakses info kunci registri, tetapi mungkin saja. Di bawah ini adalah serangkaian tutorial oleh Dr Scripto di Microsoft devblog:
- menggunakan PowerShell untuk mengakses registry cap waktu modifikasi terakhir mencakup bagaimana, di PowerShell, menggunakan fungsi Win32
RegQueryInfoKey
untuk mendapatkan cap waktu. - menggunakan kembali kode stempel waktu registri PowerShell mencakup pembuatan alat yang dapat digunakan kembali dengan membungkus kode itu dalam fungsi Windows PowerShell.
- memanfaatkan cap waktu kunci registri melalui PowerShell mencakup beberapa penggunaan dunia nyata.
Produk akhir akan terlihat seperti ini, disimpan sebagai Add-RegKeyLastWriteTime.ps1:
#requires -version 3.0
function Add-RegKeyLastWriteTime {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName="ByKey", Position=0, ValueFromPipeline)]
# Registry key object returned from Get-ChildItem or Get-Item
[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $RegistryKey, [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName="ByPath", Position=0)] # Path to a registry key [string] $Path
)
begin {
# Define the namespace (string array creates nested namespace):
$Namespace = "HeyScriptingGuy" # Make sure type is loaded (this will only get loaded on first run): Add-Type @" using System; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; $($Namespace | ForEach-Object { "namespace $_ {"
})
public class advapi32 {
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern Int32 RegQueryInfoKey(
Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeRegistryHandle hKey,
StringBuilder lpClass,
[In, Out] ref UInt32 lpcbClass,
UInt32 lpReserved,
out UInt32 lpcSubKeys,
out UInt32 lpcbMaxSubKeyLen,
out UInt32 lpcbMaxClassLen,
out UInt32 lpcValues,
out UInt32 lpcbMaxValueNameLen,
out UInt32 lpcbMaxValueLen,
out UInt32 lpcbSecurityDescriptor,
out System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME lpftLastWriteTime
);
}
$($Namespace | ForEach-Object { "}" })
"@
# Get a shortcut to the type:
$RegTools = ("{0}.advapi32" -f ($Namespace -join ".")) -as [type]
}
process {
switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) { "ByKey" { # Already have the key, no more work to be done 🙂 } "ByPath" { # We need a RegistryKey object (Get-Item should return that) $Item = Get-Item -Path $Path -ErrorAction Stop # Make sure this is of type [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] if ($Item -isnot [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]) {
throw "'$Path' is not a path to a registry key!" } $RegistryKey = $Item } } # Initialize variables that will be populated: $ClassLength = 255 # Buffer size (class name is rarely used, and when it is, I've never seen
# it more than 8 characters. Buffer can be increased here, though.
$ClassName = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder $ClassLength # Will hold the class name
$LastWriteTime = New-Object System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME switch ($RegTools::RegQueryInfoKey($RegistryKey.Handle, $ClassName,
[ref] $ClassLength, $null, # Reserved
[ref] $null, # SubKeyCount [ref] $null, # MaxSubKeyNameLength
[ref] $null, # MaxClassLength [ref] $null, # ValueCount
[ref] $null, # MaxValueNameLength [ref] $null, # MaxValueValueLength
[ref] $null, # SecurityDescriptorSize [ref] $LastWriteTime
)) {
0 { # Success
# Convert to DateTime object:
$UnsignedLow = [System.BitConverter]::ToUInt32([System.BitConverter]::GetBytes($LastWriteTime.dwLowDateTime), 0)
$UnsignedHigh = [System.BitConverter]::ToUInt32([System.BitConverter]::GetBytes($LastWriteTime.dwHighDateTime), 0)
# Shift high part so it is most significant 32 bits, then copy low part into 64-bit int:
$FileTimeInt64 = ([Int64] $UnsignedHigh -shl 32) -bor $UnsignedLow # Create datetime object $LastWriteTime = [datetime]::FromFileTime($FileTimeInt64) # Add properties to object and output them to pipeline $RegistryKey | Add-Member -NotePropertyMembers @{
LastWriteTime = $LastWriteTime ClassName = $ClassName.ToString()
} -PassThru -Force
}
122 { # ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER (0x7a)
throw "Class name buffer too small"
# function could be recalled with a larger buffer, but for
# now, just exit
}
default {
throw "Unknown error encountered (error code $_)"
}
}
}
}
Terakhir, contoh penggunaan:
Get-ChildItem HKCU:\ | Add-RegKeyLastWriteTime | Select Name,LastWriteTime
'
Name LastWriteTime
---- -------------
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\AppEvents 7/6/2020 8:56:11 AM
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Console 7/6/2020 8:56:11 AM
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel 7/6/2020 1:04:53 PM
'