Is driving stoned worse than driving drunk?

Sep 15 2014
Some worry that more flexible marijuana laws will cause a spate of stoned drivers taking to the roadways. While driving impaired is dangerous regardless of the substance or amount taken, stoned driving is not the same as drunk driving.
Which is worse: driving while drunk or stoned? The answer might surprise you.

When the red and blue lights begin flashing in your car's rearview mirror, your stomach sinks. And then panic sets in. You don't have any weed on your person, but you smoked a bowl before leaving a friend's low-key party. Desperate, you reach for the air freshener and rub it on your shirt just as the officer exits the patrol car .

A medida que se encuentra fuera de su vehículo realizando las pruebas de sobriedad superficiales, siguiendo un bolígrafo en movimiento con los ojos, caminando de talón a punta y parándose sobre un pie, su sensación de muerte inminente se desvanece y siente un rayo de esperanza. Es posible que esté completamente cocido, pero está navegando a través de estas evaluaciones como una gimnasta olímpica .

Resulta que las pruebas de sobriedad detectan a casi el 90 por ciento de los conductores que están bajo la influencia del alcohol, pero son mucho menos efectivas para detectar a los conductores bajo la influencia de la marihuana. En un estudio, solo el 30 por ciento de los conductores bajo la influencia del THC, que es el ingrediente activo de la marihuana, no pasaron estas pruebas estándar de sobriedad.

Entonces, con todos estos conductores drogados, ¿son más peligrosos que los conductores ebrios?

Está claro que el consumo de marihuana afecta negativamente la capacidad de conducir, lo que hace que una persona tenga el doble de probabilidades de sufrir un accidente. Sin embargo, las probabilidades son demostrablemente peores cuando se bebe y se conduce. Un análisis de los datos federales de choques encuentra que los conductores jóvenes (20 y tantos) y en el límite legal para conducir ( contenido de alcohol en la sangre de .08 por ciento), tienen 20 veces más probabilidades de sufrir un accidente mortal que sus pares sobrios. El mayor riesgo también se mantiene para los conductores mayores. Incluso hasta los 34 años, tienen nueve veces más probabilidades de morir en un accidente automovilístico cuando conducen con un contenido de alcohol en la sangre de 0,08 por ciento. Una vez que se supera este límite legal con otro trago o dos, las probabilidades de fatalidad solo aumentan.

The difference in outcomes for stoned drivers versus drunk drivers lies in the way stoned drivers act behind the wheel. While drunk drivers tend to speed and make risky decisions, stoned drivers lollygag along and play it safe. They're more likely to be stopped for driving far below the speed limit than for surpassing it. Plus, marijuana enthusiasts often toke at home, which lessens the odds of them driving around stoned in the first place [source: Koerth-Baker].

Some even credit the legalization of marijuana with making roads safer. For example, a review of 13 states that approved medical marijuana legislation between 1990 and 2009 found that traffic deaths decreased by an average of nearly 9 percent. Some speculate that as the use of marijuana increased in those states, the use of alcohol may have decreased. What's more, several studies report that smoking a small amount of marijuana -- about a third of a joint -- has little impact on a driver's ability behind the wheel. Those who are habitual pot smokers can tolerate moderate doses of THC with little negative affect on driving performance. However, drivers with very high levels of THC in their bloodstream had trouble staying in their lanes and responding to unexpected obstacles [sources: Sandell, Palmer].

While some studies may show that driving stoned is no worse than driving drunk -- and that marijuana use may even offer an edge when it comes to maintaining slow speeds -- the best policy is to refrain from getting behind the wheel at all if one's sobriety is in question. And mixing alcohol and marijuana makes you an even more dangerous driver than just being drunk.

Lots More Information

Author's Note: Is driving stoned worse than driving drunk?

The research on this was surprising. I didn't expect to find such differences between alcohol and marijuana when it comes to getting behind the wheel. The fact that most marijuana enthusiasts partake at home rather than at the club -- and are thereby able to avoid the risk of driving while impaired -- was especially poignant.

Related Articles

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  • How DUI Works
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Sources

  • Koerth-Baker, Maggie. "Driving Under the Influence, of Marijuana." The New York Times. Feb. 17, 2014. (July 6, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/18/health/driving-under-the-influence-of-marijuana.html
  • Palmer, Brian. "DWI Versus DW-High." Slate. Nov. 30, 2011. (July 6, 2014) http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/explainer/2011/11/does_marijuana_make_you_a_more_dangerous_driver_than_alcohol_.html
  • Sandell, Clayton. "Driving Stoned: Safer Than Driving Drunk?" ABC News. Dec. 2, 2011. (July 6, 2014) http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2011/12/02/driving-stoned-safer-than-driving-drunk/