모든 그리스 신 뒤에는 그리스 여신이 있습니다 (또는 제우스의 아내를 모두 세는 경우 7 명). 그러나 Hera는 신의 여왕으로 군중들 사이에서 눈에 띄고 남편 / 형제의 (기억하십시오, 이것은 그리스 신화입니다) 주위를 돌아 다니는 명성에도 불구하고 그녀 는 결혼, 여성, 하늘 및 세계 의 최고의 여신 으로 왕관을 가지고 있습니다 . 별, 그리고 그녀는 일반적으로 화환과 베일을 흔드는 제우스의 측면으로 묘사 된 사람 입니다.
" 제우스의 아내 (그리고 누이)로서 그녀는 강한 감정과 의견이 종종 남편의 것과 반대되는 강력한 여왕입니다."라고 스탠포드 대학의 고전 교수 인 Richard P. Martin , Antony 및 Isabelle Raubitschek 은 말합니다 . "자랑스럽고 질투심이 많으며 박차를 느끼면 신속하게 조치를 취하기 때문에 자신을 방해하는 신과 필사자에게 위험이 될 수 있습니다."
그러나 Martin에 따르면 Hera는 또한 더 부드러운면을 가지고 있습니다. "반면에 그녀는 결혼 제도를 맹렬히 보호하고 있으며 출산시 여성을 돌보는 사람이기도합니다."라고 그는 말합니다. "어떤 곳에서 그녀는 출산의 여신 Eileithyia 와 동일시되기도했습니다 ."
Kronus와 Rhea에서 태어난 Hera는 " 올림피아 인들 사이에서 진정으로 결혼 한 여신 "으로 명성을 얻었으며 Zeus와 함께 세 자녀 를 두었습니다. 전쟁의 신 Ares, 젊음의 여신 Heba, 야금의 신 Hephaestus . 그녀는 또한 혼자서 한 아들을 낳았습니다 (다시 말하지만, 그것은 당신을위한 그리스 신화입니다). 다음 세 가지 Hera 사실에서 특정 이야기에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
1. Hera의 남편은 매우 불충실했지만 그의 곁에 머물렀다.
"She got angry and often got back at him but she did not leave — for whatever reason," Martin says. "If we apply some common modern ideas, we could, I suppose, suspect her of not wanting to abandon the good things — queenship and so on — that went along with being the wife of Zeus. Or maybe we would say that as an abused wife, she was terrified and unable to flee — something that happens."
Martin does, however, offer a warning about strongly siding with either theory. "It is important not to psychologize ancient myths," he says. "First, gods were not humans; by definition, they acted differently and sometimes enigmatically. Second, in actual Greek social terms, it was pretty much unimaginable that a wife would divorce or leave her husband's house — she and children would have no status or protection otherwise. But third — to my mind, the main reason — as goddess of marriage, Hera plays a symbolic role. Her very essence is to embody a bond that endures, socially, no matter how it is strained by people's behavior. It is like Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, being unable to leave the house — symbolically, she has to stay put."
2. She Threw Her Son Off Mount Olympus, Allegedly
"Well, as with most myths, there are alternative versions," Martin says. "One of the more common stories features a sort of tit-for-tat quarrel between Zeus and his wife — it looks like he started it. Hearing that a child of one of his many love interests would one day overthrow him, Zeus proceeded to swallow the minor goddess Mêtis ('cunning intelligence'), but as she was already pregnant, the child still had to come out — and it did so, out of Zeus' own head. That child was the goddess Athena."
According to Martin, this whole sequence of events did nothing but enrage Hera, who sought vengeance by bearing her own child, named Hephaestus, parthenogenetically, i.e., without any help from a male. "But when she saw the baby was lame, she rejected him and threw him off Mount Olympus," Martin says. "In real life — horrible to say — some ancient Greeks did in fact leave babies to die if they were considered physically defective. Sometimes they would be picked up by passers-by in the place they were exposed and then were raised by foster-parents."
Hephaestus managed to survive the long fall and landed on an island in the Aegean Sea where he was cared for and he eventually managed to become a master metal-worker. "To get back at his mother, he made a golden throne and sent it to her as a gift," Martin says. "But the chair had hidden bonds that sprang into action when Hera sat down, so she was held fast, unable to move. All the gods begged Hephaestus to let her go, but he refused until the god of wine, Dionysus, got him drunk and brought him to Olympus to undo the trick chair."
But as Martin alluded to, there is more than one version of the Hephaestus myth. "The other story is that it was in fact Zeus who threw Hephaestus off the mountain, and that due to this fall, he got injured and became lame in the first place," Martin says. "The plot in this alternative version was that Zeus had suspended Hera in chains, dangling her from Mt. Olympus (another weird touch — she's always being tied up somehow). He did that because she was harassing his own son, Heracles (born out of wedlock)." When Hera's own son, Hephaestus, came to her rescue, Zeus was incensed and ejected him from the mountain. "This one is sort of a mirror image of the first," Martin says. "Clearly, the stories got spun depending on whether the husband or wife divinity was being made to look bad."
3. 그녀는 소와의 사랑 문제로 제우스와 싸웠습니다.
" 한때 그리스 중부에서 이오라는 이름의 헤라의 여사 제가있었습니다."라고 Martin은 말합니다. "Zeus는 많은 필멸의 여성들과 그의 방식대로 그녀를 원했지만 그는 Hera가 화를 낼 것이라는 것을 알고 있었기 때문에 그녀를 흰 암소로 바꿔서 그의 연인 Io를 숨겼습니다." Hera는 남편과 소 사이에 이상한 일이 벌어지고 있다는 인상을 받았기 때문에 몰래 움직였습니다. "그녀는이 아름다운 소를 선물로달라고 순진하게 요청했고, 그 동물을 계속 지켜 볼 수 있도록 100 개의 눈을 가진 생물 (아르고스)을 배정했습니다."
As with most scenarios in their marriage, Zeus and Hera began a stand-off. "The same old tit-for-tat, spy-vs.-spy action ensued," Martin says. "Zeus sent Hermes to kill Argos and free the cow; Hera sent a gadfly to keep stinging the cow, so that Io ended up wandering all over the world — she eventually swam across the Bosporus (which is why it got the name, which means 'the cow-crossing' or, if you like, 'ox-ford'). Meanwhile, Hera felt bad for the all-seeing helper Argos and placed his 100 eyes in the tail of her favorite bird — the peacock," Martin says.
Now That's Interesting
Hera is representd by two main symbols in Greek literature. The first is the cuckoo because, since Zeus was disguised in a cuckoo when he conquered her, it represented his love for her; and the pomegranate, a symbol of fertility, since Hera was also the patron goddess of childbirth.
