하드스케이핑 작동 방식

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TV에서 무수히 많은 집 뒤집기 쇼를 본 적이 있다면 연석 에서 조경의 중요성 또는 거리에서 행인에게 집이 얼마나 매력적으로 보이는지 인식할 것입니다. 집 인테리어를 디자인하는 데 많은 돈을 쓸 수 있지만 잔디밭이 엉망이거나 그냥 지루하다면 관심 있는 구매자를 많이 끌어들이지 못할 것입니다. 집을 팔지 않더라도 잔디밭을 다시 디자인하여 어떻게 다시 집과 사랑에 빠질 수 있는지 놀랄 것입니다. 집이 갑자기 따뜻해지고 매력적으로 변합니다. 그러나 꽃을 몇 개 심고 끝낼 수 있다고 생각하는 실수를 하지 마십시오.

초목은 확실히 중요하지만 조경의 한 요소일 뿐입니다. 다른 하나는 hardscape 로 알려져 있으며 hard landscaping 이라고도 합니다. 소프트스케이핑 이라고 하는 마당의 식물 수명과 달리 하드스케이핑 은 마당의 모든 비식물 디자인 요소와 관련이 있습니다. 다시 말해, 포장된 모든 보도, 벽, 파티오, 울타리, 잔디 장식 및 바위가 잔디밭의 하드스케이프를 구성합니다. Hardscaping은 조경 계획의 기초이자 닻을 나타냅니다. 하드스케이프를 신중하게 계획하고 소프트스케이프를 시작하기 전에 구현해야 합니다.

Hardscaping은 마당의 외관을 향상시키기 위해 여러 디자인 요소를 통합합니다. 집 내부에서 마당으로, 마당에서 주변 경관까지 유동적인 연속성을 제공합니다. 하드스케이프의 견고함과 영속성은 또한 취약하고 일시적인 식물과 미학적 대조를 제공합니다.

가장 엄격한 정의에 따르면 하드스케이핑은 의도적으로 배치된 무생물 실외 표면을 모두 포함합니다. 여기에는 공공 보도, 거리 및 주차장도 포함됩니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 디자이너는 일반적으로 주택 조경을 지칭하기 위해 이 용어를 사용하며, 이것이 이 기사에서 주로 초점을 맞추는 것입니다. 그러나 일반 원칙과 재료는 모든 유형의 하드스케이프에 적용됩니다.

도시의 조경과 마찬가지로 잔디의 조경은 단지 미학에 관한 것이 아닙니다. 하드스케이핑은 매우 유용하고 실용적인 기능을 제공합니다. 예술적 디자인의 세부 사항으로 들어가기 전에 이들 중 일부를 살펴보는 것으로 시작하겠습니다.

내용물

1. 하드스케이핑의 실제 기능
2. 일반 하드스케이핑 설계 지침
3. 하드스케이핑 재료
4. 정원 조경의 설계 원칙
5. Patio Hardscaping에서 미리 계획하기

대부분의 사람들은 좋은 조경이 야외 공간을 아름답게 하는 데 놀라운 일이라는 데 동의합니다. 그러나 하드스케이핑은 공간을 더 살기 좋게 만들 수도 있습니다. 결국, 부동산을 구입하는 데 수십만 달러를 썼다면 최대한 활용해야 하며 내부와 외부의 모든 공간을 즐겨야 합니다. 사생활 보호 강화, 경계 생성, 지형 평탄화, 쉼터 제공 및 잔디 유지 관리 감소를 포함하여 옥외 공간의 거주 가능성을 개선하기 위해 hardscape를 사용하는 몇 가지 방법이 있습니다.

예를 들어 울타리는 사생활과 안전을 제공합니다. 울타리는 또한 야드의 구분을 정의하기 위한 견고한 대지 경계선을 제공할 수 있습니다. "좋은 울타리가 좋은 이웃을 만든다"는 유명한 속담은 지역 사회에서 명확한 경계의 중요성에 대한 증거입니다.

울타리나 벽을 사용하여 다양한 목적으로 마당 안의 영역을 나눌 수 있습니다. 아이들이 놀거나 애완동물이 사용할 수 있는 잔디가 있는 지역이 중요하다면 단단한 표면과 채소밭에서 이 지역을 분리해야 할 수도 있습니다. 아이가 돌길에 떨어지거나 사랑하는 개가 아끼는 토마토에 몸을 맡기는 것을 원하지 않을 것입니다.

그러나 아마도 가장 도움이 되는 것은 벽이 마당의 일반적인 지형을 개선할 수 있는 방법입니다. 완벽하게 넓은 마당을 불편하고 사용할 수 없게 만드는 가파르고 어색한 경사만한 것은 없습니다. 경사가 충분히 가파르다면 이를 교정하기 위해 옹벽 을 놓을 가치가 있습니다. 여러 종류의 옹벽이 존재하지만 모두 같은 목적으로 사용됩니다. 기본적으로, 그들은 마당을 평평한 표면 수준으로 분리할 수 있도록 흙의 일부를 잡아줍니다. 옹벽은 또한 토양 침식을 방지합니다.

다양한 종류의 옹벽에는 중력, 말뚝박기, 외팔보, 돌망태, 앵커 시스템 및 콘크리트 블록이 있습니다. 이들 각각은 토양을 유지하기 위해 서로 다른 프로세스를 사용하며 가장 적합한 유형은 상황과 선호도에 따라 다를 수 있습니다. 내구성을 유지하기 위해 모든 옹벽에는 일종의 배수구가 필요합니다. 이는 물이 토양에 축적되어 벽을 밀어낼 수 있기 때문입니다. 이와 같은 이유로 스스로 벽을 건설하기 전에 전문가의 조언을 구해야 합니다[출처: Kennedy ].

하드스케이핑의 또 다른 기능은 쉼터를 제공하는 것입니다. 정자와 돌출부는 마당을 더 많이 사용할 수 있게 해주는 야외 대피소의 두 가지 예입니다. 그들은 가벼운 이슬비로부터 사용자를 보호하거나 덥고 화창한 날 그늘을 만들 수 있습니다.

Lastly, if you're the kind of person who abhors mowing the lawn, hardscape can cut down on that chore significantly. Paving walkways or -- even better -- putting in patios will reduce the amount of grassy area in your lawn, giving you a very low-maintenance yard .

You should consider these practical functions first and foremost when developing your hardscaping plan so that you can design around the important features. We'll talk about some design guidelines next.

After considering all of the practical advantages of hardscaping options, you'll want to delve into your design choices. Everybody's got his or her own sense of style, and there's no sense arguing about matters of taste. Nevertheless, armed with some general guidelines, you'll be able to plan your hardscape with a cohesive, attractive design, all the while incorporating your own flair.

­Most landscapers advocate an appropriate mix between hardscape and softscape. This doesn't mean that your yard should be half hardscape and half softscape; rather, it should reflect your needs, circumstances and the size and layout of your yard. For instance, if you have a small, urban yard, putting in a patio probably means you'll have more hardscape than softscape. But if you have a vast yard with mostly softscape, you merely need to accent the plant life with walkways and a few scattered statues or a fountain.

Hardscaping expert David Stevens explains balance in respect to symmetry. He clarifies that a good design need not be perfectly symmetrical to be balanced. He suggests thinking about design balance on a weight scale. The things on each side don't have to be mirror images of each other to balance. A few medium-sized­ rocks, for instance, could balance out one large statue. Or a single pot could balance out a large fountain if the pot is moved closer to the center. This is what's called asymmetrical balance. It avoids the blandness of symmetry but keeps the look within a pleasing design.

Another element that most hardscapers advocate incorporating is a focal point. This is a central feature of the area that focuses and anchors an onlooker's gaze. Stevens suggests that water features, such as ponds or waterfalls, and large structures, like gazeboes, can serve as effective focal points in a yard [source: Stevens].

There's no one correct way to achieve all of these effects, but overall you should strive to blend the hardscaping structures with their surroundings. This can mean the house, the natural world or, if possible, both. Rather than jarring people with drastically different styles, designs should promote a fluid transition from inside the house to outside. This is why professional hardscapers often coordinate the hardscaping color scheme with not only the exterior color of the house, but also the interior colors of the house's walls and furniture.

If you have an attractive view of the landscape beyond your own yard, you might also like to achieve a fluid transition from your yard to the surrounding natural world. Some hardscapers suggest adapting the shapes and lines (such as those that form the borders of your garden beds) into curves that are conducive to this transition [source: Kennedy].

The materials you choose to achieve all these effects make a big difference. If you're planning a patio, you might be able to find a particular kind of stone whose color and texture work well with the materials that make up your home. Or you might use a special kind of timber that grows naturally in the surrounding landscape. We'll learn more about popular hardscaping materials next.

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­If you're dead-set on redesigning your yard with hardscaping features, you have a lot of decisions to make. Whether you do it yourself or hire a professional, you'll need to choose what materials to use in your new wall or patio. Before you make any off-the-cuff decisions, it's good to know all your options. We'll go over some of the most popular hardscapi­ng materials as well as some common uses and advantages of each.

When it comes to expressing your style, hardscaper expert David Stevens suggests using no more than two or three materials in one unified structure (like a patio). Cost is a significant factor when choosing materials. If you're considering hiring a professional hardscaper, ask him or her to include the cost of materials in the quote. Also ask the professional to recommend accents such as lighting and water fixtures.

Now that you're more familiar with your options, let's get into specifics about how to implement hardscaping features to make a beautiful outdoor space.

­Even if you don't have the budget to accommodate a large project such as a patio or a retaining wall, you have plenty of other hardscapin­g options. Hardscaping expert and author Keith Davitt writes about how a simple lawn ornament can enhance the softscape in your yard.

Davitt goes as far as to say a garden can't be complete without the structure hardscaping provides [source: Davitt]. Although the plants in your garden are beautiful in and of themselves, Davitt maintains that the human eye needs an anchor on which to rest from plant life. While plants are inherently complex and overwhelming for our eye to digest in one gaze, hardscaping features, such as a wall or a rock, are simple. Our eye can wander into the foliage and then continually return to hardscape for a rest. This contrast between complexity and simplicity provides the necessary balance in a well-designed garden.

Another important contrast between hardscape and softscape is that of permanence versus transience. We know that plants lose leaves seasonally, grow and die -- hardy evergreens put up a good fight against the cycle, but deciduous plants are especially vulnerable to it. On the other hand, a durable stone wall will far outlive the vegetation that grows around it. Onlookers get a sense of comforting permanence from hardscaping features like a stone wall. A related contrast has to do with how softscape is vulnerable and hardscape is solid.

Because hardscape stands out from foliage so well, you may need only one statue, birdbath or large rock to do the trick. Davitt stresses that hardscape should be arranged in a way that doesn't detract from the plant life. Remember that the hardscape is there to accent and complement the vegetation. It merely adds another dimension to the garden in the same way a singing voice can add a harmonious dimension to an instrument in a musical performance [source: Davitt].

Aside from this rather abstract reflection on why small hardscape features are so aesthetically pleasing, let's go over a few useful hints on how larger structures can help you enhance your garden. For instance, if you do have a natural slope in your yard and you'd rather not correct it with an unnatural-looking retaining wall, you can install a waterfall instead. A waterfall is a good solution for complementing your sloping landscape because it gives the appearance that it's naturally occurring [source: Seferian]. In addition, if you'd like to install bordering walls that separate your garden from a grassy area, a tall wall and door will give your yard an alluring secret garden look.

While garden hardscaping might be more about accentuating the natural world, patio hardscaping is usually about functionality. Next, we'll talk about patio design.

Hardscaping Rocks!

It may seem odd, because most hardscaping involves man-made products and materials, but rocks are part of the hardscape, too. And although they may not provide as much stark contrast against a garden, large boulders do complement vegetation effectively [source: Davitt].

­As you might expect, designing a patio is very different from designing a garden. After all, the purpose of a patio is more utilitarian: It's a large, durable area for rest, recreation and cooking. Thus, a patio gets a good deal of foot traffic. So when it comes to designing a patio for your yard, hardscape necessarily dominates softscape.

Just as you should examine your hardscaping necessities, such as fences and retaining walls, before you plan your overall yard design, so should you analyze the habits and needs your lifestyle demands before breaking ground to put in a patio. For instance, if you have a large family or entertain large groups of people often, you're going to need to designate a good deal of space for the patio. If you plan to put in a large barbecue, consider how much accompanying cou­ntertop you usually demand as well as the size of the eating table.

As we alluded to above, potted plants add softscape -- and therefore, life and warmth -- to what might otherwise be a sterile, cold patio. If you think you'll want to include some softscape in your patio design, designate space for plants or consider hanging them from a rafter. One option would be to set aside a corner of the patio for a garden plot. Another trick to enlivening a patio is to use brightly colored floor material. This is especially helpful if you choose to position your patio in the shade. Floors of bright stone or a white floor of concrete will reflect the maximum amount of sunlight off the surface [source: Stevens].

Speaking of sunlight, that's something you'll want to plan for as well. Take a day to inspect the orientation of the sun in relation to your yard. You may want to orient seating to face toward the sun during the morning or perhaps toward it in the evenings. It depends on your preferences and what time of day you're most likely to use the patio.

­Planning for the forces of nature also includes planning for the rain that will inevitably drench your patio. If you're not careful, you can expect to get a pond rather than a patio. If you're putting in the patio yo­urself, don't make the mistake of setting it perfectly level. Instead, you should incorporate a slope -- albeit a slight slope. In fact, if you live in a rainy climate, experts recommend installing a drainage system [source: HGTV]. To implement a drainage system, you'll have to dig trenches in the yard for underground pipes. These should open to natural water collection areas in the patio and yard, with drains covered by protective grates.

If you're ready to move from hard to soft, follow one of the several the links on the next page to gardening articles.

Hard Rain

Hardscaping, for all its advantages, is often not very green. Hard flooring prevents the ground from soaking up water, which means it channels over surface areas, all the while picking up some dangerous pollutants before finally making it to water sources again. Although this runoff is primarily a problem with vast urban hardscaping, you can take steps to reduce your runoff by incorporating permeable hardscape that allows water to seep down to the ground through your patio or driveway.

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