10 Kontroversi Liburan

Anda mungkin pernah mendengar tentang dewan kota Birmingham di Inggris yang memutuskan pada tahun 1998 untuk mengganti nama Natal menjadi Winterval, agar benar secara politis. Kecuali itu tidak pernah terjadi. Istilah itu ada dalam daftar tim pemasaran kota, yang mencoba memunculkan frasa yang mencakup 41 aktivitas berbeda yang ditawarkan di Birmingham selama musim dingin. Namun, cerita tersebut diangkat oleh media arus utama dan diulang berkali-kali, hingga masih dikoreksi pada tahun 2011 [sumber: Arscott ].

Itu hanya salah satu contoh kontroversi Natal. Sepertinya hari raya, yang seolah-olah didedikasikan untuk menyebarkan kegembiraan, pesta dan pesta, selalu terperosok dalam satu pertengkaran atau lainnya. Beberapa orang berpikir Natal terlalu komersial; yang lain menganggapnya terlalu religius - atau tidak cukup religius. Beberapa orang menganggap kata itu menyinggung - yang lain tersinggung ketika kata pengganti (seperti "liburan") ditawarkan. Beberapa orang percaya ada perang di hari Natal. Yang lain percaya satu-satunya perang adalah keriuhan yang dipicu oleh orang-orang yang mengira ada perang pada hari libur. Kontroversi bukanlah hal baru. Kaum Puritan awal melarang perayaan Natal di New England, menganggapnya terlalu kafir.

Situs web DefendChristmas.com telah mengadakan jajak pendapat selama 10 tahun terakhir dan mengatakan bahwa 95 persen responden tidak ingin mempermasalahkannya . Mereka ingin merayakan liburan sesuka mereka.

Tetapi 5 persen lainnya tampaknya benar-benar diinvestasikan dalam satu hasil atau lainnya. Dan mereka mendapatkan semua perhatian media. Mari kita lihat 10 kontroversi seputar Natal dan Hanukkah.

1. Apa Yang Kami Beri Tahu Anak-Anak Tentang Sinterklas?
2. Pohon Asli atau Palsu?
3. Haruskah Anda Mengucapkan 'Selamat Liburan' atau 'Selamat Natal'?
4. Creep Natal Menjadi Lebih Buruk Setiap Tahun
5. Merayakan Hanukkah sebagai 'Natal Yahudi'
6. Apakah Kata 'Natal' Menghilangkan Kristus dari Natal?
7. Apakah Natal Terlalu Komersial?
8. Ada Apa Dengan Piala Starbucks?
9. Pajangan Religius di Tempat Umum
10. Controversial Holiday Sweaters

For decades, people have been arguing over whether it's good parenting to tell their kids that Santa Claus comes down the chimney bringing presents for good little girls and boys. The naysayers assert you should never lie to your kids. It ruins your credibility and trustworthiness. It's fine to bring Santa into your home via movies, books and the like, they say, as long as you tell your tots that Santa is just a made-up character in a story.

Those on the "pro" side note that young children believe in many fantasy figures such as fairies, monsters and superheroes, so adding Santa Claus to the mix is really no different. Believing in Jolly Old St. Nick is also a tradition stretching back generations for many; if belief didn't harm them, their parents or grandparents, say the Santa supporters, why would it be harmful for kids today? Most kids realize Santa is a fake by the time they're 7 or 8 years old anyway, and walk away unscathed [sources: Brown, Johnson]. Plus, Santa is everywhere at Christmastime, and the source of much joy. Why would you want to deprive kids of that?

The public radio show "This American Life" did an episode featuring a family that somehow convinced their children Santa was real even into their early teens. Needless to say, the kids were a bit traumatized to hear the truth. But that's the exception to the rule, right?

Oh, Tannenbaum! You cause so many kerfuffles. Should we call you a Christmas tree , a holiday tree or a giving tree? And after that's settled, should you be real or artificial? Which is better for the environment ?

Real trees have a great piney smell (at least for the first week). But they tend to get dry and brittle and shed messy pine needles as time goes on. Only 2 percent of Christmas tree buyers still cut down trees from forests, but until the 1940s, forest depletion was a real concern [source: Lee]. Now, most people get their trees from Christmas tree farms. However, these trees have usually been sprayed with pesticides that can harm birds and possibly humans. Also, throwing the trees out at the end of the month adds to the garbage problem — unless you recycle them.

Fake trees have the advantage of being reusable every year and requiring less hassle to set up and take down — plus no shedding. But they're usually made of the plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which releases the chemical dioxin during production. And many fake trees have been found to be contaminated with lead, which has been linked to organ damage in animals. Plus, the manufacturing and transporting of so many plastic trees from China leaves a large carbon footprint. Further, they can't be recycled [sources: Main, Lee].

One scientific study found little difference between the two as far as environmental impact, but said artificial trees were slightly worse [source: ZME Science]. An expert advises that the greenest options are buying a potted Christmas tree that you can replant later or renting a potted tree that can be returned to the farm after the holidays [source: Lee].

Whether department store clerks wish their customers a "Merry Christmas," "Happy Holidays," or "Season's Greetings" seems to be an issue that gets under some people's craws. For years, Fox News commentator Bill O'Reilly kept a list of which department stores had their clerks say "Merry Christmas" and which ones said "Happy Holidays."

In the past 50 years or so, many stores have moved away from the standard "Merry Christmas" as people have become more sensitive to the fact that folks of other religions or no religion live in the U.S., too. Plus "Happy Holidays" can encompass Hanukkah , Kwanzaa and the New Year without requiring a switch in greeting.

However, some Christians see the switch as a way of marginalizing the role of Christianity in America's public lives. After all, why act as if we're celebrating a generic holiday when it's actually Christmas?

The Public Religion Research Institute went to the trouble of checking to see what "real people" prefer and the results weren't quite as expected. People living in the Midwest and West preferred "Merry Christmas" while people living in the Northeast and South liked "Happy Holidays" better. The reason seems to be that African-Americans, who make up a large portion of the Bible Belt South, preferred "Happy Holidays" even though most are very religious. And in the secularized West (think California and Oregon), the term "Merry Christmas" has been stripped of its religious connotations [source: FiveThirtyEight].

More than a few people cluck their tongues when Christmas tunes begin blaring from the radio in mid-November, or when ornaments begin dotting store shelves the minute the Halloween décor is removed. It's Christmas creep, they shout, railing against retailers and others who seem to push the season on us a little sooner every year.

Interestingly, the complaint about ever-earlier Christmas sales has been occurring in America since the 19th century. And with good reason. A Nov. 15, 1885, ad warned readers to start their Christmas shopping now! One that ran in 1912 gave the same advice in October [source: Collins].

Christmas creep is a long-standing complaint in England, too. In 2016, Christmas lights began twinkling along Oxford Street, London's most famous shopping venue, on Nov. 5. According to the Quartz Christmas Creep Calculator, this means that by 2020, Oxford Street's holiday lights will blink on in October [source: Karaian].

Many Americans insist the start of the Christmas season is Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving. So that's the first time Christmas items should appear in stores and Yuletide songs should be played on the radio. It's only right to celebrate one holiday at a time, they say. Others love Christmas so much, they're more than ready to hear "Jingle Bells" well before Turkey Day, and to start buying and wrapping gifts in fall.

Every year as Christmas nears, some Jews begin to fret about Hanukkah and its "Christmastization." Hanukkah is a minor holiday within Jewish tradition (the major celebrations are Passover, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur). Dubbed "the festival of lights," it commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem, and the fact that while the Jews only had enough oil to light the temple menorah for one night, the oil lasted for eight.

Hanukkah, which falls between Thanksgiving and Christmas (the dates change every year and are tied to the moon cycle), is observed for eight days. Celebrations generally feature the lighting of a family menorah — an additional candle each day — and playing the dreidel for chocolate coins. But the holiday is not supposed to be about giving and receiving presents and having a big dinner. In short, Hanukkah is not the Jewish version of Christmas [source: Rich].

But over the years, as Christmas became increasingly commercialized and ubiquitous, many Jewish families started beefing up their Hanukkah celebrations so their kids didn't feel left out of the fun. They began purchasing presents for others, sending Hanukkah cards and even decorating their lawns with giant menorahs. Some of these actions weren't an attempt to turn Hanukkah into the "Jewish Christmas" — but actually a means of asserting Jewish identity [sources: Rich, Crimmings].

Interestingly, at the turn of the 20th century, many American Jews actually celebrated Christmas. They didn't view this as turning their backs on their religion, but rather as embracing their assimilation into American society. Over time, however, rabbis and other religious leaders put the kibosh on this practice [source: Crimmings].

The word "Christmas" is a bit long. Far easier and faster to scrawl "Xmas " on your holiday cards and notes. But if you do, be prepared for a backlash among some who will insist that in doing so, you're slamming Christ. As in Jesus Christ, the baby born in a manger on Dec. 25 (allegedly ). The little guy who is responsible for everything Christmas, Santa included. But how is "Xmas" a dis?

Some argue the abbreviation "Xmas" was created by religion haters. If you write "Xmas," they assert, you're helping to commercialize the holiday and wipe away its true meaning. But they are misinformed. The term "Xmas" came about centuries ago. The first letter in the Greek word for "Christ" is "Chi," and a capital Chi is written as "X." So "Xmas" is an old, respectable abbreviation for "Christmas" [source: Mikkelson].

So, while some may intentionally scrawl "Xmas" as a jab at religion, its original usage was perfectly acceptable to the faithful.

In the 1965 classic "A Charlie Brown Christmas," Charlie Brown complains about the commercialization of Christmas. Even his dog, Snoopy, gets carried away by the holidays, tricking out his doghouse with blinking lights, a star and ornaments. Today, many people continue to share Charlie Brown's frustration with the holiday's overemphasis on buying stuff.

According to a 2013 Pew Research Center survey, the No. 1 thing people dislike about the Christmas and holiday season is its commercialization — 33 percent of respondents checked this box. Another 22 percent said they're not fans of the amount of money shelled out at this time of the year, while 10 percent dislike holiday shopping and crowds . More than two-thirds said the best part about the holiday is something very simple: spending time with family and friends.

Of course, sometimes words bely actions. The same group of survey respondents said they were going to purchase gifts (86 percent), put up a tree (79 percent) and send Christmas/holiday cards (65 percent)[source: Pew Research Center]. So, while many people lament Christmas as being too materialistic, plenty of the same folks do enjoy, or at least engage in, the hoopla.

It's hard to imagine a paper cup being so controversial, but Starbucks' annual holiday cup is now just that. The tradition of serving its joe in seasonal holders began in 1997, when a jazzy Santa debuted cup-side. From there the designs switched from snowmen and snowflakes to ornaments and carolers . And then, in 2015, the cup went minimalist: The "design" was an all-red affair — cherry at the top and slowly fading to a dusky ruby at the bottom [source: Whitten].

Pejabat Starbucks mengatakan cangkir merah polosnya dimaksudkan untuk memacu pelanggan membuat orat-oret liburan mereka sendiri. Tetapi beberapa menangis busuk, mengatakan raksasa kopi itu melecehkan hidungnya saat Natal. Tidak mungkin, kata para pembela HAM, mencatat selalu ada banyak barang yang sesuai musiman untuk dijual di dalam toko Starbucks, termasuk CD, kue, dan bahkan kalender Advent. Tapi debu terus berlanjut sampai Desember [sumber: Whitten ].

In 2016, Starbucks appeared eager to stave off more controversy while also poking fun at the previous year's situation. On Nov. 1, the coffee giant rolled out green cups covered with a sea of people, meant to represent unity. Then, on Nov. 10, its red cups debuted. The 2016 cups feature designs created by 13 customers from six countries, which apparently did not generate the contention of previous years [source: Goldman]. For 2017, Starbucks featured a red cup with a white heart where you could write someone's name.

For decades Nativity scenes regularly were placed in public settings in America, places like courthouses and city parks. But in more recent years, atheists and civil liberties activists have declared crèches set on public property a violation of the separation of church and state, a tenet of American society. Individuals and groups began suing — with varied results — and so the battle resumes every holiday season, and is settled in different ways.

Indiana's Tippecanoe County once featured a Nativity scene in front of its courthouse. But after protests, an ordinance was passed in 1999 banning religious displays. Ever since then, one resident places a Nativity scene in the back of his pickup and parks the truck in front of the courthouse during the holidays, a perfectly legal move [source: Sullivan].

Meanwhile, the state of Wisconsin resolved the issue by allowing all traditions to use the Capitol rotunda. Today you typically see a Nativity scene, Christmas tree, menorah, Festivus pole and winter solstice scene (with Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein and Mark Twain as the "Three Wise Men") on display. "The rotunda is getting very cluttered," said Annie Laurie Gaylor, co-president of the Freedom from Religion Foundation, in a gross understatement to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

Chicago's Daley Plaza is a notable public locale in that local law decrees a Nativity scene is allowed. After a crèche was first erected there in 1985, protests quickly erupted. An attorney obtained a federal injunction protecting the display; the injunction is now permanent. The argument for keeping the crèche was this: Since Daley Plaza was long used as a venue for free speech, including political events, you can't deny Christian speech there. And the Nativity scene is a form of Christian speech [source: Butts].

Holiday sweaters aren't just typically ugly — they can cause heated debates, too. In 2015, Target carried a bright red sweater that boldly proclaimed "OCD: Obsessive Christmas Disorder," which some said was a slam at those suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder , known by its OCD acronym. Meanwhile, Nordstrom was selling a blue sweater that featured a large menorah , dreidels and Stars of David, plus the tag "Chai Maintenance" in a nod to a negative stereotype about Jewish women. Nordstrom pulled its offensive sweater after the outcry, although Target did not [source: Channick].

Two years before, Hallmark created a tiny ornament depicting an ugly holiday sweater. Trying to be politically correct, the sweater featured the phrase, "Don we now our FUN apparel!", a modification of the lyric in "Deck the Halls" that reads, "Don we now our gay apparel." The lyric change ended up offending nearly everyone. Gays and liberals pointed out the word "gay" is nothing to be ashamed about. Conservatives argued Hallmark should not have bowed to the politically correct by substituting a word that originally meant "happy" and well, "fun."

After mastering the unusual feat of angering people on both the left and the right, Hallmark apologized for the offending ornament, and it quickly disappeared from the company's website [sources: Top Tenz, Lutz].

Author's Note: 10 Holiday Controversies

My goodness, reading about all of these controversies right as the holidays are arriving is both sad and funny. Sad that a holiday season intended to spread love and joy can generate so much nastiness, yet funny to see all of the little things that people can get so worked up about. Just chill, everyone!

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