10 equívocos sobre os millennials

Durante décadas, tudo na América parecia girar em torno dos baby boomers . Nascidos na era pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, de 1946 a 1964, e com 76 milhões de pessoas, eles influenciaram tudo, desde política e economia até arte e cultura pop. Isso é muita gente – um quarto da população dos EUA, para ser exato. Mas uma geração muito maior agora eclipsou os baby boomers – os millennials [fontes: Fry , Pollard e Scommegna ].

Dependendo de qual fonte você usa, os millennials , também conhecidos como Geração Y , são definidos como aqueles que nasceram entre 1981 e 1997, ou mesmo 1980 e 2004 [fontes: Fry , Casa Branca]. Usando a última definição, eles representavam um terço da população total dos EUA em 2013 e estão prestes a deixar uma marca tão grande na economia e na sociedade americanas quanto os boomers deixaram. Os millennials são uma geração distinta de várias maneiras. Graças a um aumento na imigração, eles são a geração mais diversificada até hoje, com 42% se identificando como uma raça ou etnia que não é branca não hispânica. Eles também são os mais educados, com 61 por cento tendo frequentado a faculdade contra 46 por cento dos boomers (e ainda há millennials em idade escolar). Os millennials também são a primeira geração americana a se conectar à Internet desde tenra idade [fonte: Casa Branca ].

Exatamente como essa geração influenciará a América e o mundo continua a ser visto. Mas o resto de nós já começou a rotulá-los, atribuindo várias características a esses milhões de jovens que podem ou não ser precisas. Aqui estão algumas das coisas que estamos dizendo sobre os millennials que não são necessariamente verdadeiras.

1. Millennials não são religiosos
2. Ninguém se sente mais autorizado do que eles
3. Millennials são racialmente tolerantes
4. Eles precisam de elogios constantes
5. Millennials são especialistas em mídias sociais
6. Millennials não querem ser donos de casa
7. Não há casamento para eles
8. Eles estão contentes em viver com mamãe e papai
9. Sempre trocando de emprego
10. Millennials são todos iguais

Não há como contestá-lo. Menos jovens podem ser encontrados sentados nos bancos da igreja hoje em comparação com os americanos mais velhos. Além disso, estudos mostram que 25% dos millennials não são afiliados a nenhuma fé específica, menos deles (em comparação com pessoas mais velhas) dizem que a religião é muito importante em suas vidas e menos frequentam os cultos do que os baby boomers quando tinham a mesma idade. Claramente, a geração do milênio chutou a religião para o meio-fio [fonte: Pond, Smith and Clement ].

Ou talvez não. Religião é um conceito amplo e pode ser visto como algo muito mais do que simplesmente aquecer um banco nas manhãs de domingo. Apesar de sua ausência em igrejas, sinagogas e mesquitas, pesquisas mostram que a crença dos millennials em princípios religiosos como vida após a morte , céu e inferno, e milagres é bastante semelhante às crenças dos baby boomers e da geração X (essa é a geração entre os boomers e os millennials). Você também deve considerar a idade ao analisar a geração do milênio e a religião. Enquanto os millennials relatam orar com menos frequência do que os mais velhos, por exemplo, sua taxa de oração diária (48%) é praticamente a mesma que foi relatada pelos baby boomers, Geração Xe outros quando tinham menos de 30 anos. Portanto, o desligamento da religião pode ser mais relacionado à idade e temporário do que geracional [fonte: Pond, Smith and Clement ].

Uma crítica comum que as pessoas mais velhas têm dos millennials é que eles têm um forte senso de direito, provavelmente porque seus pais lhes deram quase tudo o que queriam enquanto cresciam. Portanto, como jovens adultos no local de trabalho, os millennials procuram receber empregos de gerenciamento desde o início, em vez de subir na escada. E é melhor que as empresas também ofereçam muitas comodidades, como cafeterias com opções de alimentos saudáveis, academias, aulas de ioga e creche no local. Opções de teletrabalho e horários flexíveis também devem ser dados.

Os millennials, em contraste, geralmente se veem como jovens adultos trabalhadores, dedicados e leais, de acordo com um pesquisador que pesquisou esse grupo [fonte: Graves ]. Os membros desta geração entraram em um dos piores mercados de trabalho da história; estão desesperados para encontrar emprego e dispostos a trabalhar assim que o conseguirem. Na verdade, não está claro se a geração do milênio realmente se sente mais qualificada do que outras gerações da mesma idade. Surpreendentemente, não parece ter sido feito um estudo sobre o assunto [fonte: Foste r].

If millennials expect certain work perks, it may not be because they're spoiled, but rather they're looking at the big picture. Raised with technology, for example, they may not understand why telecommuting isn't an option (and truthfully, companies sometimes refuse to offer it for no good reason). And if good health correlates to fewer sick days, why wouldn't a company have a gym or offer nutritious foods in its cafeteria? Then too, perhaps they're simply like members of previous generations when they first entered the workforce – young adults who need a little time to adjust to the realities of the office [sources: Graves, Green].

It seems pretty obvious that those belonging to the millennial generation are part of the most colorblind generation America has ever birthed. Slavery and segregation in the U.S. ended well before they were born. People are pouring into the country from all over the globe. And the U.S. Census Bureau has long predicted the U.S. will become a majority-minority nation by 2043. Race is simply a nonissue for millennials.

Isn't it? Yes, millennials say they support interracial marriage in larger numbers than previous generations. And they're more in favor of immigration , too, than previous generations. More millennials also agree everyone should be treated equally, no matter what their race. But these are self-reported beliefs. When Syracuse University professor Spencer Piston examined the 2012 American National Election Studies racial stereotype battery, he found white millennials were as biased as their parents when it came to viewing themselves as more intelligent and hardworking than African-Americans. And although only 13 percent of white millennials responding to a Pew survey said they didn't think whites and African-Americans got along very well, a full 30 percent of nonwhite millennials thought the two groups had issues. So while millennials say they're racially tolerant – and many do believe they are – there's definitely some prejudice hiding beneath the surface [source: McElwee].

They say it's the fault of the older generation. Because parents coddled their baby millennials, showering them with praise for everyday accomplishments and handing out trophies just for showing up, young-adult millennials now are spoiled, constantly fishing for approval and praise. It's true that members of this generation tend to look for a nod that they're doing well, but not necessarily because they're spoiled.

Millennials were raised in an era where kids had a say in what they did both in school and afterward. They were constantly evaluated in school and during sports and other after-school activities , and instructed on how to best improve their skills. They were also encouraged to aim high and take on as much as they could. (For instance, it wasn't enough to just play on a high school team – they had to play on a year-round traveling team as well.) As adults, this can translate to employees seeking feedback and affirmation; research shows 80 percent of millennials want regular feedback from their managers, and 80 percent preferred on-the-spot recognition to formal reviews [source: DeMonte]. Yet their affirmation-seeking isn't necessarily because they're looking for an unwarranted pat on the back – they're just used to immediate feedback. On the positive side, this upbringing also means millennials tend to accept guidance if they're on the wrong track, which is a big plus in any employee [source: Graves].

Ever heard someone say, "We need to hire a young person to handle our social media"? That's a big generalization. It's true that millennials grew up right along with the technology revolution: the Internet, email, instant-messaging, cell phones, texting and social media. And a common complaint from members of older generations is that millennials are glued to their smartphones and tablets. Because of their addiction to their devices, and their penchant for social media (Facebook, Instagram and the like), it must follow that millennials are social media pros and junkies.

Sure, millennials as a whole are savvier than other generational groups at social media. A full 75 percent of them have at least one social-media account, while only half of Gen Xers do. (And baby boomers? Less than one-third!) [source: White House]. Yet, don't assume this makes any individual millennial automatically adept at social media or able to use it for business purposes. Marketing strategy goes beyond the ability to "tweet." Plus millennials aren't necessarily using the social platforms that match a company's needs. Of the top 15 mobile apps used by millennials, Twitter was 14th in popularity [source: Dua]. Finally, one 2013 workplace study showed millennials find today's always-plugged-in work environment stressful – more stressful than reported by Gen Xers and boomers [source: Cornerstone OnDemand].

Remember a few decades back, when everyone was fleeing the city and settling in the suburbs? Then, when millennials came along, they began flocking back to America's newly redeveloped inner cities. Who wants to own a house with all of the work it entails? It's much more fun to rent a hip downtown apartment, with its easy access to funky shops, great restaurants and lots of entertainment venues. Yet dreams of home ownership remain strong for millennials – even more so than for their elders. A 2014 survey by Zillow Real Estate Research found nearly two-thirds of those aged 18 to 34 felt owning a home was critical to living "the good life" compared to 56 percent of people aged 35-49 [sources: Davidson, Terrazas].

It's really not surprising that today's millennials largely are renters . Remember, they began diving into the job market when unemployment rates were high. This meant they often had to take lower-paying jobs, which equates to less money available to stash away for a down payment. Plus, members of this generation are delaying marriage until they're older; it's a lot harder for a single person to scrape together enough money to purchase a home than it is for two people to do so. While their homebuying may be delayed, it should occur eventually [source: Davidson].

Pew Research projects a full 25 percent of millennials will still be single by the time they've hit their mid-40s to mid-50s. People who were the same age (25 to 34) back in both 1960 and 1970, in contrast, married at much higher rates. When these two groups of people hit their mid-40s to mid-50s, only 5 percent remained single. Further, Pew reports 24 percent of never-married millennials are currently living with a partner, choosing cohabiting over marriage [source: Wang and Parker].

So does that mean marriage is dying out among millennials? It's true Americans are waiting longer to get married. In 1960, the median age for a woman's first marriage was 20; for men, it was 23. In 2015, it is 27 for women and 29 for men – a trend that's been going on for some time [source: Raphelson]. Yet delaying marriage doesn't mean no interest in marriage. Some millennials are waiting to marry until they're more financially secure, while others want to be more advanced in their career . Many haven't found the right person yet. When they were high school seniors, 80 percent of millennials said they wanted to marry someday – a larger percentage than reported by Gen Xers and baby boomers at that age [source: White House]. So yes, millennials do care about marriage. They just aren't in a rush to tie the knot.

It's been a joke for a while – millennials are boomerang kids who move out of their parents' homes one day or month or year, only to move back in again a little later. In 2012, 36 percent of them were living at home – the highest percentage in at least 40 years [source: Fry]. What happened to the good, old days when kids packed their bags at age 18 and never looked back? Where is the drive for independence among this generation? Why are they happy to have their aging parents continue to support them?

One of the reasons so many millennials are living at home is a positive one: More young people are going to college today than in the past, often living at home to save money. Unfortunately, many of these same young adults graduated with staggering amounts of student-loan debt , then were faced with a tight job market, courtesy of the 2008 Great Recession. This double whammy all but necessitated a move back home in many cases. Add to that a generation that is delaying marriage, and has closer ties with its parents than those of the past, and moving back home almost seems a given [sources: Weissmann, White House].

Millennials are widely viewed as job-hoppers for various reasons. One is that they're strictly out for themselves – they're not interested in being team players – so they'll grab hold of whatever deal is the best, even if it means switching jobs every year. Another theory says they've seen employers lay off their friends and relatives with no qualms, and assume they'll be treated the same. Thus, if their employer has no intention of being loyal to them, why should they consider being loyal to their employer? Interestingly, millennials aren't really job-hoppers at all.

When millennials leave a job, it's usually due to a lack of job advancement potential. If they felt there was the possibility of upward mobility in the company, one study showed millennials would stay in their job for five years [source: Hecht]. Other studies showed that overall, millennials are actually sticking with employers longer than Gen X workers did when they were the same age. They're also optimistic about finding a stable career; 80 percent of respondents in one survey said they felt they'd work at four companies max throughout their entire career [sources: Fallon, White House].

Just as not all Irishmen, actors or Protestants or dog-lovers are alike, every generation is filled with members who think and act outside the stereotypes, as well as those who conform to them. This holds true for millennials as well. More than a few probably don't care about marriage, are happy to live with the folks indefinitely and feel the world must revolve around them. Others are independent, ambitious and can get the job done without constant praise. (Did you know one in 10 millennials makes over $100,000 [source: DeMonte]?)

Yet we can still ascribe certain principles to them as a group. Half of all millennials, for example, don't identify with either political party. More than 80 percent are optimistic about their financial futures, despite coming of age during a terrible economic time. And here's one stat that won't surprise you: 55 percent have snapped a "selfie" and posted it on a social media site – a far higher percentage than even those in the relatively young Generation X [source: Pew Research Center].

Author's Note: 10 Misconceptions About Millennials

I gave birth to three millennials, and I can tell you from personal experience that you certainly can't stereotype this generation. Unless it's to say that millennials are really awesome people!

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