10 animais reais que parecem faz de conta

Feb 10 2014
O mundo natural possui uma incrível diversidade de animais, alguns dos quais são tão coloridos e bizarros que parecem inventados. Conheça 10 criaturas muito criativas.
O axolote pode arrastar-se ao longo do fundo dos lagos, ou então nadar ao longo da superfície. Peculiar, mas versátil. Veja mais imagens misteriosas de animais marinhos.

De dragões alados e unicórnios, a Bigfoot e Chupacabra , nós humanos imaginamos uma vasta coleção de animais que na verdade não existem. Nós tendemos a ficar tão absortos em criaturas de fantasia que não prestamos muita atenção a muitas das 7,7 milhões de espécies animais diferentes que os cientistas estimam que realmente vivem em nosso planeta [fonte: Science Daily ].

Alguns são tão coloridos e bizarros que quase parecem como se algum fabulista ansioso os tivesse inventado. Tomemos, por exemplo, o mico-leão- dourado , cuja juba exuberante e resplandecente e rosto carrancudo fazem com que pareça uma versão em miniatura de um daqueles roqueiros de heavy metal do final dos anos 80 da MTV. Depois, há o axolotl , que usa suas pernas curtas para rastejar ao longo do fundo dos leitos dos lagos, e o dingiso , uma pequena criatura parecida com um canguru que pula em galhos de árvores em vez de no chão.

Mas à medida que nos deleitamos com essa biodiversidade, também devemos lembrar que muitas das criaturas mais incríveis do mundo estão ameaçadas pelo desmatamento, mudanças climáticas e outras atividades induzidas pelo homem no meio ambiente. O WWF alerta que estamos perdendo centenas e possivelmente milhares de espécies a cada ano, uma taxa de extinção que excede em muito o fluxo e refluxo normal da natureza [fonte: WWF ]. Cabe a nós salvá-los.

Nesse espírito, aqui estão 10 espécies de animais tão estranhas e maravilhosas que parecem fictícias. E muitos estão em perigo de extinção.

Conteúdo
  1. Dingiso
  2. Dragão de Komodo
  3. Lula gigante
  4. Mico-leão-dourado
  5. Axolote
  6. Peixe-remo gigante
  7. Ocapi
  8. Ornitorrinco
  9. Pássaro do Diabo
  10. demônio da Tasmânia

10: Dingiso

O dingiso é um parente próximo deste canguru de árvore (mostrado com seu joey) na Indonésia.

Imagine um pequeno canguru preto e branco que vive nas árvores e você terá a descrição básica do dingiso (Dendrolagus mbaiso). O animal, que reside nas florestas tropicais montanhosas da Nova Guiné, cresce até 76 centímetros de comprimento, possui uma cauda longa, quartos traseiros bem desenvolvidos e o hábito de mover ambas as patas traseiras ao mesmo tempo em uma marcha saltitante, assim como os cangurus australianos maiores com os quais todos estamos familiarizados.

O dingiso ostenta unhas curvas e almofadas almofadadas forradas com pele áspera em seus pés grandes, que permitem que ele se agarre a troncos e galhos de árvores, onde usa sua cauda longa para se equilibrar enquanto sobe. Como o canguru, o dingiso fêmea tem uma bolsa no abdômen, onde seus filhotes cavalgam enquanto sugam o leite de um de seus quatro seios. Infelizmente, seus números estão diminuindo devido à perda de habitat, caçadores e baixa taxa de natalidade [fonte: Arkive ].

9: Dragão de Komodo

Como grandes Komodos canibalizam os mais jovens, os jovens geralmente rolam em matéria fecal, de modo a exalar um cheiro que os Komodos maiores evitariam.

No mundo antigo e até a Idade Média, as pessoas contavam histórias de monstruosos répteis gigantes chamados dragões, que às vezes exibiam asas de morcego e caudas farpadas e causavam carnificina ao cuspir fogo [fonte: Encyclopaedia Britannica ]. Mas essa criatura de fantasia macabra acaba por ter um primo da vida real.

Em 1912, naturalistas descobriram o dragão de Komodo ( Varanus komodoensis ), um lagarto da Indonésia que cresce até 3,5 metros de comprimento. Esses répteis são bastante assustadores por si só. Eles são caçadores carnívoros e, de vez em quando, até comeram humanos. Enquanto eles não têm sopro de fogo, eles exalam algo quase tão mortal – uma bactéria virulenta, que infecta feridas causadas pelos dentes do dragão e as faz apodrecer e apodrecer [fonte: Slifkin and Slifkin ].

8: Lula Gigante

Uma lula gigante, capturada na costa da Nova Zelândia, é exibida nas docas de Wellington.

O folclore antigo está cheio de monstros marinhos com vários membros, como o poema épico "A Odisseia", de Cila de Homero, que tinha 12 pés, seis cabeças e um latido como um cachorro [fonte: Encyclopaedia Britannica ]. Mas em 1873, os cientistas tiveram o primeiro indício de uma criatura da vida real que se assemelhava a esta, quando um pescador de Terra Nova pegou um grande animal marinho carregado de tentáculos inadvertidamente e o vendeu para um naturalista amador, o reverendo Moses Harvey.

A lula gigante (gênero: Architeuthis) pode crescer até 13 metros de comprimento e pesar até uma tonelada (907 kg). Ele tem dois olhos, um bico, oito braços e dois tentáculos de alimentação equipados com ventosas de dentes afiados que podem agarrar presas a até 10 metros de distância. Como a imensa criatura vive nas profundezas da água, os humanos nunca viram um vivo até 2006, quando uma equipe de pesquisa no Oceano Pacífico, ao sul do Japão, conseguiu prender um espécime de 7,3 metros de comprimento e puxá-lo para a superfície do oceano. fonte: Smithsonian ].

7: Mico Leão Dourado

Este bebê mico dourado agarra-se firmemente à sua mãe igualmente ruiva.

Você provavelmente não verá um como jurado convidado no "American Idol" tão cedo, mas os micos-leões-dourados (Leontopithecus rosalia) são as estrelas do rock da floresta amazônica . As criaturas diminutas, cujos corpos podem se estender por quase 22 centímetros de comprimento, mais uma cauda de até 34 centímetros, têm uma juba impressionante de pele dourada exuberante, que emoldura um rosto cinza-escuro com surpreendentemente características antropomórficas.

Esses primatas , que passam a maior parte de suas vidas nas árvores, usam seus dedos longos para escalar e balançar de galho em galho e capturar insetos, frutas, lagartos e pássaros para se alimentar. Ambos os sexos dividem a responsabilidade de criar seus filhotes, com os machos às vezes carregando bebês nas costas entre as mamadas, como se fossem pais humanos yuppies. (Seus filhotes geralmente são gêmeos.) Infelizmente, essas criaturas magníficas estão criticamente ameaçadas devido à exploração madeireira e à expansão agrícola que estão destruindo seu habitat [fonte: National Geographic ].

6: Axolote

A Academia Mexicana de Ciências encontrou uma média de 6.000 axolotes para cada quilômetro quadrado em lagos em 1998. Em 2003, esse número caiu para 1.000 e para escassos 100 em 2008.

The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), also known as the "water monster" and the "Mexican walking fish," is a peculiar but versatile foot-long (30-centimeter-long) aquatic creature that can use its four stubby legs to drag itself along lake bottoms, or else swim along the surface. It also has a strange, lizard-like face with plume-like gills and a mouth that seems to curl into a smile.

Even so, the axolotl, which feeds on aquatic insects, small fish and crustaceans, doesn't have a lot to be happy about these days. The fish is indigenous to the Xochomilco network of lakes and canals around Mexico City, but those waters have become so polluted due to urban sprawl that a 2013 study from Mexico's National Autonomous University failed to turn up any specimens after four months of searching. While axolotls survive in aquariums , water tanks and research labs, scientists are still hopeful that axolotls haven't completely vanished in the wild [source: Associated Press].

5: Giant Oarfish

Giant oarfish live at very low depths within the ocean and suck up small fish and shrimp for food.

Slithery giant sea serpents have inhabited the nightmares of sailors since ancient times. It turns out, however, that the real-life creature that resembles them most closely, the giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne), actually isn't a snake but rather the largest bony fish in the sea. The rare creatures, which are found in tropical and temperate waters at depths as low as 3,000 feet (914 meters), have shiny, silvery bodies, bright red crests on their heads, and toothless mouths, which they use to suck up and filter small fish, shrimp and other invertebrates. Relatively little is known about the fish, which probably only come to the surface when they are injured or dying [source: NOAA].

Therefore, marine scientists were excited when, in October 2013, the bodies of two oarfish — including a 14-foot (4.6 meter)- long female with ovaries full of eggs — were found off the coast of Southern California. This provided a precious opportunity to study the elusive animals [source: Quenqua].

4: Okapi

The okapi's brown body and striped legs are perfect camouflage for the forests it lives in.

If you can imagine a creature that's a cross between a donkey and a zebra that walks like a giraffe , then you've got a pretty good mental picture of the okapi (Okapia johnstoni). The strange-looking animal, which is about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and stands about 5 feet (1.5 meters) tall from hoof to shoulder, lives in the dense tropical rain forests of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its bizarre coloration — it has a brown body and legs and hindquarters covered with an array of horizontal black-and-white stripes — enables it to disappear into its usual backdrop of dense vegetation and lighter-colored rotting leaves on the forest floor.

The okapi mimics a giraffe's rolling gait by stepping with the front and hind legs on the same side of the body, instead of using the legs from the opposite sides, as other grazing animals tend to do. It also has a long, black tongue, which it uses for plucking buds, leaves and branches from trees and shrubs [source: Animal Diversity Web]. Sadly, this exotic creature may be in danger of disappearing, with a mere 20,000 existing in the wild [source: Okapiconsevation.org].

3: Platypus

A Platypus baby or "puggle" is held before being transferred back to its burrow at Sydney's Taronga Zoo. The platypus is one of only two mammals that lays eggs.

This semiaquatic, fur-covered, duck-billed, web-footed mammal that lays eggs seems to have been assembled from bits of other animals. Hailing from Australia, the platypus is about 2 feet (61 centimeters) in length and weighs just 3.5 pounds (1.5 kilograms) [source: ADW]. In fact, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is so odd that when English naturalists first obtained a carcass for study in 1799 from New South Wales Gov. John Hunter, they worried that it might be a hoax foisted upon them by a mischievous taxidermist [source: Museum of Hoaxes].

The platypus is a forager that scoops up insects , larvae, shellfish, worms and gravel with its bill from the mud on the bottom of streams. It stores its finds within cheek pouches until it reaches the surface and then uses the gravel to mash up the food for eating – a platypus has no teeth. Despite its seemingly awkward design, the creature turns out to be a surprisingly adept underwater swimmer, thanks to its webbed feet and beaver-like tail [source: National Geographic].

2: Devil Bird

The spot-bellied eagle owl is also known as the devil bird because its high-pitched call sounds like a human scream.

In Sri Lankan folklore, a woman whose child was murdered by her husband went mad and ran off into the jungle to commit suicide . After her death, the gods transformed her into a creature called the ulama, or devil bird, whose horrible, human-sounding wail in the distance is a portent that something terrible is about to happen [source: Dole].

But was this a real animal? In the 1950s, ornithologist George Morton Henry, author of a definitive volume on the birds of Sri Lanka, decided that the devil bird actually was the spot-bellied eagle owl (Bubo nipalensis blighi)[source: Eberhart]. This predatory bird, which is also known as the forest eagle owl, is found in a swath of south Asia stretching from India to Burma. It is about 21 inches (53 centimeters) in length and has heart-shaped spots and prominent black-and-white ear tufts that give it a suitably eerie appearance. But people who are fearful of it shouldn't worry, because it eats only game birds (like pheasants), reptiles and fish [source: Harrison].

1: Tasmanian Devil

Despite its cartoon reputation for being a whirling dervish, a Tasmanian devil is actually slow and placid. Except at mealtime.

Some might think the Tasmanian devil is a fictional creature, cooked up by an imaginative animator for the Warner Bros. "Looney Tunes" shorts. But it's actually a real animal, Sarcophilus harrisii, which is indigenous to Tasmania, an island to the south of the Australian mainland.

The size of Tasmanian devils varies considerably, depending on diet, habitat and age, but large males can grow as long as 2.5 feet (80 centimeters) and weigh as much as 26 pounds (12 kilograms). The devil is a stocky animal with brownish-black fur, white throat patches and spots on its sides and backside, pink snout and a big powerful head and jaw. The latter enables the scavenger to gnaw on the already dead carcasses of wombats, wallabies, sheep and rabbits, though devils also will eat insects, larvae, snakes and vegetation when the opportunity presents itself.

Contrary to its cartoon counterpart, the actual Tasmanian devil is a slow, lumbering creature, not a frenetic whirlwind, though it is known to get loud and rowdy when eating in groups [source: ADW]. And despite its fearsome reputation, conservationists are worried about the devils' long-term survival, because they're threatened by a contagious facial cancer that killed off 60 percent of the population between 2000 and 2010 [source: Malkin].

Lots More Information

Author's Note: 10 Real Animals That Seem Make-Believe

I found this article interesting to research because I like unusual-looking animals. That's evidenced by one of my several pet dogs, a basset hound-pit bull mix named Madge, who has a huge fearsome looking head and powerful jaws, attached to a long body with stubby legs.

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