Bazı işler kısa süreli, geçici işler, bazıları ise ömür boyu sürecektir. Wessex Hanedanından Athelstan, İngiltere'nin ilk kralıydı ve bu işlerden birine sahipti.
Athelstan, MS 895'ten 939'a kadar hüküm sürdü ve Viking işgalcilerinin sonunu yendiği ve Britanya'yı konsolide etmekten sorumlu olduğu için, eylemleri - ve hayatı - bugün hala İngiliz monarşisini etkiliyor. Ve hayatını bir perspektife oturtmak gerekirse, Athelstan, şu anda dünyanın tüm zamanların en uzun süre hüküm süren hükümdarlarından biri olan Kraliçe II. Elizabeth'in 30. büyük büyükannesiydi.
Aşağıda Kraliçe Elizabeth hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin ve dünyanın en uzun süre hüküm süren 25 hükümdarının büyüleyici hikayelerini öğrenin. Her birinin kural tarihleri parantez içinde belirtilmiştir.
1. Sobhuza II, Svaziland (Eswatini) (1899-1982), 82 yıl
Svaziland kralı (şimdi Eswatini) 23 yaşında öldüğünde , 4 aylık oğlu iktidara geldi ve hayatının geri kalanını, önce Büyük Şef ve daha sonra Svaziland Kralı olarak , ülkesinin muğlaklıklarında ve çatışmalarında gezinerek geçirdi. dünyadaki yer. O zamanlar Svaziland, İngiliz Himayesinin bir parçasıydı ve II. Sobhuza'nın kral olarak sorumlulukları ve erişimi, halkı ve İngilizler tarafından farklı merceklerden görülüyordu. Svaziland halkı onu hem geleneği sürdürebilecek hem de İngilizleri uzak tutabilecek biri olarak gördü.
2. Louis XIV, Fransa (1643-1715), 72 yıl
Fransa Kralı XIII. Louis ile Avusturya Kralı Anne'nin oğlu olan XIV.Louis, Mayıs 1643'te tahta çıktığında sadece dört yaşındaydı . tahtta geçirilen zaman, Versailles'in lüks bir saraya yerleştirilmesi, sanata olan sarsılmaz desteğini göstermesi (kralın kendisi o zamanlar güçlü bir siyasi para birimi olan bale eğitimi almış) ve birkaç savaş başlatmasıyla ifade edildi. Kendisini Güneş Kralı olarak adlandıran, sanatta ve yaşamda Yunan güneş tanrısı Apollon'u taklit eden, kendisini Fransa'nın evreninin yıldızı zanneden mutlak bir hükümdardı.
3. Bhumibol Adulyadej, Tayland (1946-2016), 70 yıl
Modern zamanlarda yaşayan bir hükümdar olan Bhumibol Adulyadej , 70 yıl Tayland'ın Chakkri hanedanlığında dokuzuncu kral olarak 2016 yılında 88 yaşında ölene kadar hüküm sürdü. Babası Cambridge'deki Harvard Üniversitesi'nde okurken 1927'de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde doğdu. , Massachusetts. Adulyadej'in yönetimi ona Tayland'ın en uzun süre hüküm süren hükümdarı olma özelliğini kazandırdı. Bhumibol Adulyadej, dümen başında olduğu süre boyunca çok az siyasi güce sahipti, ancak ülkeyi yıllarca askeri darbelerle başlatan Tayland vatandaşları arasında birlik ve istikrarın sembolü haline geldi.
4. Elizabeth II, İngiltere (1952'den günümüze), 70 yıl ... ve artmaya devam ediyor
1952'de Kraliçe Elizabeth , Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda Kraliçesi seçildi ve taç giyme töreni 1953'te gerçekleşti. 2007'de en uzun ömürlü İngiliz hükümdarı oldu ve 9 Eylül 2015'te büyük büyük büyükannesini geride bıraktı. Kraliçe Victoria, tarihin en uzun süre tahtta kalan İngiliz hükümdarı olacak. Kraliçe Elizabeth'in saltanatı sırasında bir düzineden fazla İngiliz başbakanıyla çalıştı.ve ABD başkanları ve diğer birçok dünya lideri, doğduğunda asla tahtı alması amaçlanmamasına rağmen. 1936'da, büyükbabası Kral George V öldüğünde, amcası Edward VIII, monarşi için aday gösterildi. Ancak Edward, Amerikalı sosyetik Wallis Simpson ile evlenmek için tahttan çekildi. Bu, Elizabeth'in babası George VI'nın (Edward VIII'in kardeşi) ölümü üzerine Elizabeth'e geçen tahtı aldığı anlamına geliyordu.
5. Johan II, Lihtenştayn (1858-1929), 70 yaşında
Kayıtlara göre, II. Johan , Avrupa'da en uzun süre hüküm süren hükümdar olarak üçüncü sırada yer alıyor (Louis XIV en üst sırada ve Kraliçe II. Elizabeth ikinci sırada geliyor). Lihtenştayn hükümdarı II. Johan, II. Johan'ın ölümü üzerine kardeşi I. Francis'e geçen saltanatı sırasında ne evli ne de çocuğu vardı . Bununla birlikte, ülkenin bağımsızlığı, ordusunun dağılması ve tarafsız bir devlet olarak ilan edilmesiyle sonuçlanan bir dizi önemli reform başlattı. Ayrıca bir parlamenter hükümet ve ülkenin bankacılık sistemini kurdu. Müzeler ve sanat galerileri kurdu, sanatı ve bilimi destekledi.
6. K'inich Janaab' Pakal, Maya Uygarlığı (615-683 CE), 68 yıl
Büyük Pakal olarak da bilinen K'inich Janaab' Pakal , antik Maya dünyasının en uzun süre hüküm süren kralıydı. 12 yaşında belirsiz ve istikrarsız bir dönemde tahta çıktı ve yönetme hakkının kendisinden geçtiği annesinin yardım ettiğine inanılıyor. Günümüz Chiapas'ında Mexico City'nin yaklaşık 800 kilometre güneydoğusunda bulunan antik bir Maya şehri olan Palenque'nin yönetimi sırasında, Yazıtlar Tapınağı'nı inşa etti - bir gün onun lahitini kaplayacak çarpıcı mimari.
7. Franz Joseph I, Avusturya-Macaristan (1848-1916), 68 yaşında
18. doğum gününde, Franz Joseph I , Avusturya İmparatorluğu'nun imparatoru seçildi, bu, Franz Joseph'in genç görünümüne bağlı olarak monarşiye karşı iyi niyetin yeniden canlanması umutlarını körükleyen bir hareketti. 1853'te, bir terzi gezintiye çıkarken cetveli boynundan bıçaklamaya çalıştığında bir suikast girişimi gerçekleşti. Ancak Franz Joseph, yakınlarda bir silah görünce çığlık atan bir kadının saldırısının yükünü üstlenmekten kurtuldu. Hiçbir motif asla ortaya çıkmadı. Franz Joseph Avusturya imparatoru olarak yönetmeye devam etti ve 1867'de Macaristan kralı olarak ikili görevi kabul etti ve 1916'daki ölümüne kadar hüküm sürdü. Özellikle, 1916'daki ölümünden iki yıl önce, Franz Joseph Avusturya-Macaristan'ı I. Dünya Savaşı'na götürdü. .
8. Konstantin VIII, Bizans İmparatorluğu (960-1028 CE), 68 yıl
Yaklaşık 960'ta ilk doğum gününü kutlayacağı sırada, VIII. Konstantin , kardeşi Basil ile birlikte Bizans İmparatorluğu'nun eş hükümdarı seçildi. Kardeşler çok az siyasi etkiye sahip olsalar da, 976'da kontrolü imparatorluğun vekili liderinden zorla aldıklarında iktidarı ele geçirmeyi başardılar. Konstantin VIII, imparatorluğu finanse etmek ve genişletmek için savaşı kullanan kardeşi Basil'den daha lüks ve yavaş uğraşlarla daha fazla ilgilendiği hatırlanır. Bununla birlikte, Konstantin VIII, 1028'deki ölümüne kadar Bizans İmparatorluğu'nun müşterek imparatoru olarak kaldı .
9. Victoria, İngiltere (1837-1901), 64 yaşında
Britanya tarihinin en uzun süre hüküm süren hükümdarlarından biri olan Kraliçe Victoria , 1837'de 18 yaşında tahta çıktı. Saltanatı sırasında, Kraliçe Victoria, hükümdarın adını taşıyan "Victoria dönemi"ni başlatmak için birkaç suikast girişiminden kurtuldu. Viktorya dönemi , çiçek aşısı ve telgraf da dahil olmak üzere bilim ve teknolojideki kapsamlı gelişmelerle damgasını vurdu .
10. James I, Aragon (1213-1276), 63 yıl
A kingdom called Aragon sounds like a fantasy realm in which dragons roam, but it was a real-life place on the Iberian peninsula that now encompasses present-day Portugal and Spain. In 1212, James I led the medieval kingdom's army, along with a neighboring army, as it invaded and defeated regional kingdoms. In 1213, James I began his 63-year rule, which became the longest of any Iberian monarch. During his reign, James I brought the Balearic Islands and Valencia under Iberian rule and began decades of expansion.
11. Hirohito, Japan (1926-1989), 63 years
Michinomiya Hirohito, Japan's 124th emperor, is known for being the longest-reigning monarch in the country's history. Before accepting the throne, he traveled extensively throughout Europe, which was an unusual move at the time. After his father's death in 1926, Hirohito adopted Shōwa — meaning "enlightened harmony" — as the chief tenet of his reign. During World War II, he allied the country with Nazi Germany, but later surrendered the country after a defeat by the Allied powers. He then became the first Japanese monarch to visit the United States and wrote several books on marine biology before his death in 1989.
12. Kangxi Emperor, China (1661-1722), 61 years
At age 7, Kangxi became the second emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty after his father died of smallpox. Kangxi's reign began in earnest during his teen years, and he is best remembered for the significant expansion of the Chinese empire into areas of Mongolia, Tibet and Heilong Jiang. He also worked to open international trade ports, which helped usher in an era of economic prosperity. Kangxi supported the arts and believed that education was important; he was fascinated by map-making and European painting techniques.
13. Christian IV, Denmark and Norway (1588-1648), 60 years
Christian IV became King of Denmark and Norway at the tender age of 11, but was not officially crowned until 1596, when he was 19. He is remembered for his multiple forays into unsuccessful wars against Sweden, as well as the disastrous Thirty Years War. When he wasn't warring, Christian IV had an eye for architecture, constructing several new towns and still-beloved buildings, including Frederiksborg Castle. His private life was productive; he married twice and had 20 children with five different women before his death in 1648.
14. Friedrich Günther, Schwarzburg, Germany (1807-1867), 60 years
In 1807, when he was just 13 years old, Friedrich Günther became prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which is now an area in modern-day Thuringa, Germany. His ascension to the throne followed the death of his father, but it was his mother who made the crown's decisions until the fresh-faced ruler turned 21. Günther ruled for the rest of his life and became known as the final head of the House of Schwarzburg.
15. Qianlong, China (1735-1796), 60 years
The grandson of long-time Chinese ruler Kangxi, Qianlong also reigned over China for decades. At age 24, in 1735, Qianlong began a series of notable acts that included the creation of the SikuquanshuorSiku Quanshu, a vast catalog of all the books known to be in existence in China. Some suspect this was a natural outgrowth of Qianlong's personal interests in calligraphy and poetry, and his efforts as a patron of the arts. Until his reign ended upon his death in 1796, Qianlong worked to successfully expand China's territory with the New Province, known as the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang today.
16. Honoré III, Monaco (1733-1793), 59 years
There are monarchs who roll up their sleeves and monarchs who would rather observe from a distance. Honoré III, who ascended the Monégasque throne at age 13, spent the majority of his time as ruler fighting in the Royal French Army during the War of the Austrian Succession, although Monaco took an officially neutral stance. During his reign, he improved Monaco's economy through trade, which was largely dependent on the growth of citrus fruits, and established the country's first printing press and newspaper.
17. George III, England (1760-1820), 59 years
Before Queen Victoria and current British ruler Queen Elizabeth were on the royal scene, George III was known as England's longest-reigning monarch. He ascended the throne to Great Britain and Ireland in 1760 after his grandfather's death. He married Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the daughter of a German duke, for the union's political strength. The marriage was a productive one, bringing 15 children into palace life. His reign is notable for Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War, as well as Britain's resistance to Napoleon's France. George III is believed to have had an acute mental illness, which stayed with him the last 10 years of his life.
18. Honoré I, Monaco (1523-1581), 58 years
To be a long-reigning monarch, it's best to start early — and Honoré I did it in spades. He was named the Lord of Monaco in 1523, at just 9 months old, after his father Lucien Grimaldi was assassinated. Honoré I was assisted, naturally, in the decision-making by a series of regents and reportedly left the governing to one of these regents. During the final 20 years of his life, however, Honoré I took on more of the day-to-day operations, and became known for both a series of battles and for inviting Pope Paul III to Monaco.
19. Nicholas I, Montenegro (1860-1918), 58 years
When Nicholas I became the Crown Prince of Montenegro in 1860, it was a small nation without purchase on the world stage. Under his rule, however, Montenegro doubled in geographical size and became not only a sovereign state, but a country with considerable diplomatic power. After years of popular reign, Nicholas I became increasingly despotic, but reluctantly installed a constitution in 1905 that limited his power. After an unsuccessful entrée into World War I, Nicholas I went into exile in Italy until his death in 1918.
20. Pedro II, Brazil (1831-1889), 58 years
Pedro II became the second emperor of Brazil when he took up the throne in 1831 at 5 years old and, by age 10, had been officially declared as ruler. He was seen as a benevolent ruler and became adept at leveraging Brazil's natural resources to bolster its then-struggling economy. Pedro II turned the country's focus from sugar production to coffee beans and made significant progress in constructing a network of railroad, telegraph and cable lines. By the time of his death in 1889, his popularity had waned because of his anti-slavery actions and support of the Masons, the latter of which upset the Roman Catholic Church.
21. Wilhelmina I, Netherlands (1890-1948), 58 years
As Queen of the Netherlands, Wilhelmina made clear her opposition to the German Occupation at the beginning of World War II. Although she fled, along with members of her cabinet, to London, she became the symbol of Dutch resistance through a BBC radio broadcast that reached the Netherlands, known as Radio Orange. She famously aired the phrase, "Knock the Kraut on the head," which raised morale for her people. In 1948, she abdicated the throne and lived a private life until her death in 1962.
22. Ludovico I, Italy (1416-1475), 58 years
Not much is known about Ludovico I, who was the marquess of Saluzzo, Italy, until his death in 1476, a reign that encompassed much of the 15th century. Ludovico I is remembered for facilitating a prosperous era for Saluzzo residents and forging positive relationships with neighboring areas — all of this well before the Italian Wars took hold. The historic city center of Saluzzo, situated on a hill with views of cultivated plains and nearby mountains, has become a popular tourist destination for its cobblestone streets, historic churches and medieval palace.
23. Louis XV, France (1715-1774), 58 years
Louis XV, born in 1710, was never expected to become king of France. By the time he reached his fifth birthday, however, his grandfather, father and two older brothers had died, making him the heir apparent. By age 10, he was attending cabinet meetings, but his interest in being a ruling monarch flagged over time as he focused on botany and a series of mistresses. Although known for a time as "Louis the Beloved," his entrée into several expensive wars and the French Revolution caused his popularity to wane.
24. James VI, Scotland (1567-1625), 57 years
As the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, James VI ascended the Scottish throne in 1567 after his mother's forced abdication. While a board of regents ruled until he reached his teens, James VI believed in royal absolutism, which is a monarchy without constitutional limits and one in which a royal believes themself to be a divine ruler on Earth. In 1603, he also became James I of England after the death of Queen Elizabeth I and this duality became known as "the union of the crowns" as he strove to bring the two countries under one rule.
25. Athelstan, England (895-939 C.E.), 44 years
Athelstan was the first king of England (not to be confused with the monk Athelstan on the History Channel's "Vikings" — a character who is a fictional amalgamation of his time). The real-life Athelstan, who died in Gloucester, England, in 939 at age 47, was a warrior who beat back invading Danes and Scots to expand and then create the kingdom now called England. Throughout Athelstan's reign he founded churches across the realm, brought about legal and social reform and created a cosmopolitan court comprised of intellectuals from throughout Europe. He also used strategic family marriages to forge strong contacts with mainland Europe and, after sending military aid to Norway, was known as "Athelstan the Good."
Now That's Interesting
Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun, was once known by the name Georgium sidus, Latin for "Georgian Star." The name was an homage to King George III of England, the patron who funded the 40-foot (12-meter) telescope used by William Herschel in the discovery of the planet.
