So lesen Sie Hauspläne

Apr 09 2012
Es ist schwierig, Hauspläne zu lesen, wenn sie voll von scheinbar kryptischen Symbolen sind. Wie kannst du ihre geheimnisvolle Sprache interpretieren?
Hauspläne enthalten zahlreiche Abschnitte, die die Art und Weise skizzieren, wie Ihr Haus gebaut wird. Sehen Sie mehr Hausbaubilder.

Wenn Sie kein Bauunternehmer oder Architekt sind, kann das Lesen von Hausplänen wie das Knacken von Codes erscheinen. Schließlich sind die Seiten mit kryptischen Symbolen gefüllt, die nur darauf warten, „gelesen“ zu werden. Aber wenn Sie nicht mit der Sprache vertraut sind, haben Sie keine Ahnung, was die Zeichnungen zu sagen versuchen. Und da diese Pläne für Ihr Haus sind, sollten Sie das wirklich tun.

Um Ihnen einen kleinen Hintergrund zu geben, wurden Architekturpläne früher " Blaupausen " genannt" (und werden manchmal noch immer von denen außerhalb des Fachgebiets verwendet). Sie haben diesen Namen vor langer Zeit erhalten, weil sie, nun ja, blau sind. 1861 fand der französische Chemiker Aplhonse Louis Poitevin heraus, dass eine Substanz namens Eisengallat auf Papier verteilt werden konnte und würde in der Sonne blau werden. Er stellte auch fest, dass das Papier dort, wo es vor der Sonne geschützt war, weiß blieb. Wenn Architekten schwarze Linien auf ein Originaldokument zeichneten, dieses Dokument auf mit Eisengallat beschichtetes Papier klemmten und es in die Sonne legten , würden die schwarzen Linien das Sonnenlicht blockieren. Nachdem die Sonne ihre Arbeit getan hat und das Papier getrocknet ist, würden die vom Architekten auf dem ersten Blatt Papier gezeichneten schwarzen Linien auf dem zweiten Blatt Papier und dem Rest weiß erscheinen Dieses zweite Blatt Papier würde blau erscheinen. Voila! Die erste echte Architektur -Fotokopiermaschinegeboren [Quelle: Boston Globe ]. Offensichtlich wurde diese Methode zum Erstellen von Kopien von Zeichnungen im Laufe der Zeit durch andere Technologien ersetzt. Und heutzutage werden Hauspläne wie alles andere gedruckt und vervielfältigt – am Computer.

Inhalt
  1. Was steht in einem Hausplan?
  2. Interpretation von Hausplänen
  3. Tipps zum Lesen von Hausplänen
  4. Anmerkung des Autors: Wie man Hauspläne liest

Was steht in einem Hausplan?

Lernen Sie die Symbole für Türen, Fenster und andere Merkmale kennen.

Die Seiten eines Hausplans, bekannt als "Zeichnungssatz", sagen einem Bauunternehmer alles, was er oder sie wissen muss, um Ihr Traumhaus richtig auf ein kahles Stück Land zu kleben. Diese Pläne definieren nicht nur den Fußabdruck eines Hauses und wie es schließlich mit bloßem Auge aussehen wird, sondern sie beschreiben auch die inneren Sanitär- und Elektrospezifikationen eines Hauses und sogar die Materialien und Oberflächen, die Ihr Haus vervollständigen.

Ein Standardhausplan enthält die folgenden Abschnitte (einige bestehen aus einer Seite und andere aus mehreren Seiten des Plans):

  • Deckblatt – zeigt eine Künstlerskizze des fertigen Äußeren des Hauses
  • Fundamentplan – der Fußabdruck Ihres Hauses, einschließlich aller Bereiche, die ausgegraben werden müssen
  • Grundrisse – eine Seite pro Etage mit Räumen, Wänden, Türen und Fenstern sowie zusätzlichen Vorschlägen für Steckdosen und Einbauten
  • Interior elevations -- your vertical wall plans, including plans for built-in cupboards, bookshelves and other features whose construction the contractor will oversee
  • Roof plan -- an exterior view, showing the peaks, slopes and outline of your roof
  • Exterior elevations -- a view of each of your house's four sides, showing exact measurements for each side, along with the materials and details.
  • Wall details -- What's inside your walls? This section of the house plan shows insulation details and names the materials used in flooring and roofing.
  • Structural plan -- plans for your house's important connections including trusses and second floor framing

So, what's found within the pages of the these sections?

Interpreting House Plans

Other than the artist's rendering of the exterior of the house, most of a house plan won't look much like a house. Instead, it's filled with standardized symbols that represent parts of your house. When a builder looks at house plans, he sees doors, windows, walls and electrical outlets, represented by symbols. Once you understand the symbols on a house plan, you'll see the house the way he does. Here are some basics on reading plans:

  • House plans are drawn to scale, meaning that when you multiply the lengths of the lines in your plans by a previously determined number, you wind up with their length in real life. There are no absolute scales used for all house plans, but commonly the minimum scale for a site plan is 1 inch equals 20 feet. For foundation, floor plans and elevations it's 1/4 of an inch equals 1 foot, and for sections and details 3/8 of an inch equals 1 foot [source: National Council of Building Designer Certification]. Because a plan is drawn to scale, it shows everything exactly as it will be built relative to everything else around it -- even though it's obviously much smaller than your house will be. For example, this means that an exterior wall that looks thicker than an interior wall on your plans will, in fact, be thicker in real life. To get a feel for scale, look at one of the floor plans and calculate the real-life measurements of a major room. Then compare those measurements to rooms in the house where you live now. Imagine the remaining rooms, hallways and traffic flow in your plan relative to this room you've measured out, as well, to help you get a feel for your future home.
  • Nearly every feature commonly seen in houses is represented by a standardized symbol on a plan. For example, there are nine common symbols to represent various types of doors, ranging from French, to swinging, to bi-fold, to accordion [source: eHousePlans.com]. Search online or work with your architect or builder to understand these many symbols (and see our handy guide above). It's worth working to understand at least the symbols for doors, windows and electrical outlets .
  • Specifications: In addition to showing what your house will look like and how big each room will be, it also will describe how these parts will be made and what they should be made of. Your specifications sheet describes fixtures, appliances , materials and other homeowner preferences. Even if you buy premade house plans, you may still have significant wiggle room to change its specs. Consider picking wallpaper, stains, paints, fixtures, hardware and other materials [source: Byoh.com].

Tips for Reading House Plans

Whether you're looking them over with your architect or checking out house plans online, it's nice to know a few things about homes to help you understand the plans and decide whether they represent what you want in a house.

For example, did you know that styles of homes are defined by how they're laid out as well as their architectural features? A colonial home generally has a central hallway with square rooms on either side and two larger rooms in the back. A ranch home is "L"-shaped, one-story, with the bedrooms grouped on one side of the house. A Victorian house is defined by features like fish-scale shingles and bay windows. And a Cape Cod home has two bedrooms upstairs with sloped ceilings [source: TheHouseDesigners.com]. By learning about the various styles of homes, you'll be able to identify their features on a house plan, which will help you be able to picture the house in your own mind.

In addition to evaluating the layout of the house, take a long hard look at the materials and finishes. Weigh your desire for granite countertops and energy efficient appliances with your desire for a big footprint. Those nickel and dime features can take you over budget quickly. Also, when looking at the materials and techniques listed in your plan, remember that green design can pay off in the long run, but that green techniques may not be appropriate for all climates [source: HomeBuildingSmart.com].

Overall, remember that house plans can be changed -- and it's better to troubleshoot on paper than change the design during the building process, or worse, realize once the house is built that you don't like it. Work with your architect and/or builder to fully understand your plans, then adjust them as needed. Does your modern life require more electrical outlets in the office? Add them. Does your site require the plans be flipped to their mirror image? Flip 'em. Will little kids running through a tight hallway require pocket instead of swinging doors? Change it.

In short, the ideal home isn't necessarily the biggest or prettiest -- it's the one that best fits your life. Think about what's important to you, and then work to make sure your priorities are represented on paper.

Author's Note: How to Read House Plans

How many outlets do I need in an office or a kitchen, and what does an "open floor plan" actually look like on a set of house plans? I find the only way I can make sense of house plans is in relation to houses I've seen. In order to know what all those symbols mean, I have to walk around with plans in hand and look at houses in which those features are built.

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Sources

  • Donald Gardner Architects. "What's in our house plans sets?" (March 31, 2012) http://www.dongardner.com/help/house-plan-sets.aspx
  • eHousePlans.com. "Blueprint symbols." (March, 31, 2012) http://www.ehouseplans.com/blueprints/blueprints.html
  • Homebuildingsmart.com. "Home building dos and don'ts." (March 31, 2012) http://www.homebuildingsmart.com/home-building-do%E2%80%99s-and-don%E2%80%99ts/
  • National Council of Building Designer Certification. "Construction plan standards." (March 31, 2012) http://www.ncbdc.com/plan_standards.htm
  • Swain, John. "Were blueprints once blue?" Boston Globe. Aug. 4, 2011 (April 4, 2012) http://articles.boston.com/2011-04-04/business/29380930_1_blue-lines-sheet-blue-dye