Die 10 besten Orte auf der Erde, um die Polarlichter zu beobachten

In den höchsten und niedrigsten Breiten der Erde kollidieren Sonne, Atmosphäre und Magnetismus, um den Himmel in Lichtvorhänge zu malen. Im Norden ist es das [rul=https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/question471.htm] Polarlicht oder Nordlicht. Unten im Süden ist es die Aurora Australis oder das Südlicht – fast Spiegel, obwohl man selten einen sieht.

Polarlichter selbst sind keine Seltenheit: Etwa 60 bis 200 Meilen (100 bis 300 Kilometer) über der Erde leuchten Kollisionen in Neongrün, gelegentlich Rot oder Pink, selten Lila [Quelle: Tate ]. Um sie vom Boden aus zu sehen, sind jedoch bestimmte Bedingungen erforderlich, nämlich Dunkelheit, klarer Himmel, eine besonders aktive Sonne und sich in einer der Polarlichtzonen zu befinden.

Die beiden "Aurorenzonen" auf der Erde erscheinen als Ovale über dem (magnetischen) Nord- bzw. Südpol. Sichtungen außerhalb dieser Ovale sind praktisch unbekannt, und selbst innerhalb davon kann nicht garantiert werden. Dennoch sind einige Orte zu manchen Zeiten ziemlich sichere Wetten.

Hier sind 10 Orte mit einigen der besten Polarlichter der Welt. Da fällt mir zweifellos Alaska ein, also fangen wir dort an, bis nach Denali.

1. Denali-Nationalpark, Alaska
2. Yellowknife, Nordwest-Territorien, Kanada
3. Tromso, Norwegen
4. Murmansk, Halbinsel Kola, Russland
5. Kangerlussuaq, Grönland
6. Südpol, Antarktis
7. Tasmanien, Australien
8. Stewart Island, Neuseeland
9. Insel Südgeorgien
10. Ushuaia, Argentinien

Während Fairbanks gut ist, ist Denali wohl besser.

Alaska im Allgemeinen bietet von seinem arktischen Aussichtspunkt aus außergewöhnliche Ausblicke auf die Aurora Borealis. Es liegt gut innerhalb der Nordlichtzone und seine Winter bieten fast konstante Dunkelheit von morgens bis abends. Auch der Herbst bietet hervorragende Aussichten [Quelle: Mother Nature Network]. Wenn Sie Glück haben, können Sie die Lichter auch außerhalb der besten Jahreszeiten sehen.

Denali National Park, a bit south of the Arctic Circle and just a few hours from Fairbanks, offers millions of pristine acres where city lights won't compete with the ones in the sky [source: Explore Fairbanks]. There's lodging there, too, so even the less-outdoorsy types can venture comfortably into the Alaskan wilderness to catch the show.

Next, a bit eastward ...

If you head east from Denali, all the way through the Yukon (another good aurora-viewing region, by the way), you'll find yourself in Canada's Northwest Territories (NWT). You'd have a good chance of seeing the aurora borealis at any point on this journey. But if you go straight to Yellowknife, just south of the Arctic Circle, you may increase your chances a bit.

The town of Yellowknife in Canada's Northwest Territories offers exceptional viewing for several reasons. There are the typical ones -- location in the auroral zone, extended darkness for most of the year -- but Yellowknife is also far enough from the nearest mountains to offer not only less-obstructed views but also a more stable climate , with skies that tend to be clearer than in other areas of the NWT [source: Aurora Village].

Next, to Scandinavia.

Norway is a popular destination for aurora seekers, with Tromsø often at the top of the list. The city is in the Northern Lights zone, and it's located north of the Arctic Circle, making it closer to the northern pole [source: Fjord Travel].

While aurora viewings are never guaranteed, in Tromsø they're pretty close: About half of the city's dark, clear nights boast excellent light shows [source: Hansen]. And, covered in darkness for about nine months out of the year, the aurora can often be seen in the afternoons there, too [source: Fjord Travel].

Hotels in Tromsø will often offer Aurora Borealis wake-up calls, just in case you fall asleep before the lights show up.

Now, to Russia.

Russian winters are not, perhaps, the ideal vacation climate , but if you're in town for the aurora, you might just brave it happily.

The city of Murmansk, at the northern tip of Russia's Kola Peninsula, sits north of the Arctic Circle [source: BuroMoscow]. At this latitude, days are nearly always dark, and auroras are relatively common sights. In prime viewing months, in fact -- February, March, September and October -- if the sky is clear, the lights can almost be counted on, and they may last for days at a time [source: Gonzalez].

The downside? Rain and snow are common here so that clear sky isn't guaranteed [source: BuroMoscow].

Now, before we leave the borealis zone, a stop in Greenland ...

Greenland is not for the meek. Covered extensively in glacial ice , this arctic island is for explorers [source: FDN].

Like the other four northern destinations, the town of Kangerlussuaq is beneath the auroral oval; and like Tromsø and Murmansk, it's north of the Arctic Circle. What makes Kangerlussuaq an exceptional viewing location is its annual 300 days (and nights) of clear skies [source: WOGAC], give or take, and its stunning lack of light pollution . The chances of seeing at least one spectacular Northern Lights display during a stay here are pretty high.

The area is quite undeveloped. Getting around means traveling by dog sleds and snowmobiles, and lodging is limited -- a hotel, a couple of cabins, rented rooms in village homes [source: Mother Nature Network]. For some, this may exclude Kangerlussuaq from the borealis tour; for others, it will make it the first stop.

The Northern Lights, while rare by a global perspective, are positively common compared to their southern counterparts. To have a decent shot at seeing the aurora australis, one must go to greater extremes ...

At the southern pole of the planet, another light show is going on. The aurora australis, or Southern Lights, are a near-mirror to the northern ones. And if you're able to snag a spot at one of the research facilities in Antarctica , you'll experience it.

The South Pole, being the South Pole, has a prime location in the Auroral Zone. It sits farther south of the Antarctic Circle than any other spot on the map (naturally), and the Southern Lights are a regular occurrence here. On the downside, the continent is inhospitable, to say the least. Tours and cruises do go there during the more manageable times of year, but winter is the best time to see the lights [source: IAATO]. Still, the Antarctic tourist season offers the best chance out there for seeing the aurora australis.

However, there are more-hospitable locations where visitors might catch a glimpse -- if the sun is in a particularly active state -- places like Southernmost Australia.

While Antarctica itself is the only land mass south of the Antarctic Circle, there are several areas north of it where the Southern Lights have been known to grace the skies on a lucky night [source: University of Texas]. One of them is the island of Tasmania.

Located off the southern coast of Australia, Tasmania is one of the closer landmasses to the Antarctic Circle. While it's far from probable, the island does offer visitors the possibility of spotting the aurora australis -- a 1 to 2 percent chance on a clear night [source: AAD].

It takes luck. But Tasmania is a true tourist destination, so at least here, there's plenty more to do should the australis prove elusive.

Next, a quick hop to New Zealand.

New Zealand's Southland is one of the locations supplying radar data to a global network that tracks auroral activity . (Tasmania is another one.) Stewart Island is part of Southland.

Stewart Island is also known as Rakiura, a Maori word meaning "glowing skies" -- a good omen, perhaps, or maybe just wishful thinking [source: Teara]. While the island is one of the best places outside Antarctica to see the aurora australis, chances are still rather slim, especially considering the area's reputation for rain [source: Stewart Island].

Still, a dark, clear night and excellent timing can do the trick.

Next, to South Georgia Island ...

Home to King Edward Point Research Station, South Georgia Island is another ideal location for researching atmospheric and astronomic activity -- in this case, magnetic storms and their effects, one of which is the intensity of auroras [source: Turbitt].

South Georgia is a possible auroral viewing spot, but the icy island is used almost exclusively as a research base. It's tough to get there -- boat and boat-based aircraft are the only options [source: BAS]. Most tourists who visit there (and perhaps glimpse the aurora in its skies) do so by cruise ship .

Finally, to the very, very south of South America.

It's said to be the southernmost city on the globe, located at the southern tip of Argentina [source: Aurora]. Ushuaia is closer to the Antarctic Circle than Tasmania, South Georgia and Stewart Island. It would seem a likely spot to see the lights.

And it is -- but when it comes to the aurora australis, "likely" means "possible." Still, the Southern Lights do appear over Ushuaia, and it's remarkably easier to get there, stay there and tour there than, say, South Georgia Island. Or the South Pole.

In winter time, Ushuaia is in darkness for about 17 hours a day, which leaves the door open for sightings -- if the timing and the weather are right [source: Patagonia]. The weather here, however, is rather unstable, throwing another factor into the luck pile [source: Patagonia].

Maybe that's what it's about, though -- adventure, luck and the surprise of a sky suddenly exploding with ribbons of neon light. The aurora australis can be tough to catch, and even great efforts may fail. For some aurora seekers, that's part of the allure.

For the rest, and for those who try valiantly and still miss the show, the Aurora Borealis is waiting up North -- easier to get to, more likely to appear when people are watching and a practical mirror to the lights of the south. The only difference, in the end, is latitude.

For more information on the auroras, the polar regions and atmospheric phenomena, check out the links on the next page.

Author's Note: 10 Best Spots on Earth to Watch the Auroras

Is it strange that I dedicated half an article about where to see the auroras to places where it's unlikely to happen? Perhaps. But I discovered early on in my research that many people don't know there are Southern Lights. The commonly photographed aurora borealis, and the popularity of Alaska as a tourist destination, seems to have embedded the aurora as a Northern phenomenon to such a great extent that its Southern counterpart has slipped through the general-knowledge cracks. And so, my tiny attempt to change that. And maybe help out an adventurer knocking off a bucket list way too quickly for comfort.

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