The phrase "in a historic vote" gets thrown around a lot in journalism — and it isn't always warranted. But shortly after 2 p.m. EDT April 7, 2022, a Senate roll call confirmed Ketanji Brown Jackson as the next U.S. Supreme Court justice — the first Black woman to sit on the bench.
The elevation of Jackson to the Supreme Court will not change the ideological setup of the bench — which would continue to be split 6-3 in favor of conservative justices.
Nonetheless, it is an important landmark in the history of the court — of the 115 justices on the Supreme Court since it was established in 1789, 108 have been white men.
Course en vedette dans le processus de confirmation de Jackson; il en a été de même pour les tentatives de définition de sa « philosophie judiciaire ». Nous nous sommes tournés vers des juristes pour expliquer la signification de l'ascension réussie de Jackson à la cour.
1. Réaliser le "rêve" de MLK
Le vote du Comité judiciaire du Sénat déplaçant la confirmation de Jackson vers un dernier appel nominal du Sénat a eu lieu le 4 avril 2022 - 54 ans jour pour jour depuis l'assassinat de Martin Luther King Jr. L'importance de la date n'a pas échappé à Bev-Freda Jackson de l'Université américaine .
Les paroles de King sont ressorties lors de l'audience de confirmation de Jackson. Les législateurs républicains ont suggéré que sa vision d'une Amérique dans laquelle les gens sont jugés "non pas par la couleur de leur peau mais par le contenu de leur caractère" était en contradiction avec la théorie critique de la race , un concept très décrié par les conservateurs qui soutient que le racisme est structurel dans la nature plutôt qu'exprimé uniquement par des préjugés personnels. Leur implication : que Jackson croyait en la théorie critique de la race et rejetait donc la vision de King.
Bev-Freda Jackson argued that this is a distortion. "By recasting anti-racism as the new racism, conservative GOP leaders ... use King's words that advocated for a colorblind society as a critical part of their national messaging to advance legislation that bans the teachings of so-called divisive concepts," she wrote.
"Ketanji Brown Jackson is the very dream that King envisioned," Jackson noted. "But he died before seeing the results of his nonviolent movement for social justice."
2. On the Shoulders of Pioneers
Now confirmed as the next Supreme Court justice, Jackson has broken through the ultimate glass ceiling in terms of legal careers. She did so on the shoulders of pioneering Black female judges.
University of Florida's Sharon D. Austin noted, even now, "relatively few Black women are judges at the state or federal level" — which makes the achievement of those who have made it to this level all the more remarkable.
Of the judges highlighted by Austin, there is Judge Jane Bolin, who became the country's first Black female judge in 1939, serving as a domestic relations judge in New York for almost four decades. Later, in 1961, Constance Baker Motley became the first Black woman to argue a case before the Supreme Court. In all she argued 10 cases before the court, winning nine of them. Meanwhile, Judge Julia Cooper Mack is noted as the first Black woman to sit on a federal appellate court, having been appointed in 1975 and serving 14 years on the bench.
These women are to be celebrated and remembered. As Austin wrote, "Representation matters: It is easier for young girls of color to aspire to reach their highest goals when they see others who have done so before them, in the same way that women like Jane Bolin, Constance Baker Motley and Julia Cooper Mack encouraged Ketanji Brown Jackson to reach hers."
3. Echoes of the Past
The fact that a Black female Supreme Court justice is long overdue is testament to the slow progress the U.S. has made toward racial — and gender — equality.
Margaret Russell, a constitutional law professor from Santa Clara University, saw signs of this lack of advancement during parts of Jackson's Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearings.
Questions directed at the would-be Supreme Court justice were, according to Russell, tantamount to race-baiting. They also sounded eerily similar to criticisms that then-Supreme Court nominee Thurgood Marshall, the first Black American nominee to the court, faced in his own confirmation hearings in 1967.
Both Jackson, now, and Marshall, then, stood accused by senators of being soft on crime and were asked about how they intended to bring race into their legal decisions. "Are you prejudiced against white people in the South?" Marshall was asked by a known white supremacist senator. Similarly, Jackson was asked during her confirmation hearings if she had a "hidden agenda" to incorporate critical race theory into the legal system.
"I find it striking," Russell wrote, "that race has surfaced in such a major way in these hearings, more than five decades after Marshall's nomination. In some respects, there has been progress on racial equity in the U.S., but aspects of these hearings demonstrate that too much remains the same."
4. What Jackson Will Bring to the Supreme Court
Jackson's historic achievement of becoming the first Black female Supreme Court justice may distract from the fact she is also eminently qualified to sit on the highest court in her own right.
Alexis Karteron of Rutgers University-Newark noted that the Harvard Law-trained Jackson went on to clerk for Stephen Breyer, the retiring justice she is set to replace. She has served on the U.S. Sentencing Commission as well as acted as both a trial court and appellate judge.
Jackson is also the first former criminal defense attorney to be nominated to the Supreme Court since Marshall. This puts Jackson in a unique position on the bench. Karteron wrote that having served as a public defender "will help [Jackson] understand the very real human toll of our criminal justice system. ... The criminal justice system takes an enormous toll on both the people in the system and their loved ones. I believe having a Supreme Court justice who is familiar with that is incredibly valuable."
Matt Williams is the Breaking News Editor for The Conversation.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. You can find the original article here.
