10 dziwnych rzeczy w kolekcji Smithsonian

Czasami ten tak zwany strych cieszy się dobrą opinią, na przykład gdy 267 kuratorów muzeum prowadziło armię pracowników przez to, co we wczesnych latach 80. nazywano wesoło „Wielkim Liczeniem” [źródło: Time ]. To pierwsze masowe przedsięwzięcie inwentaryzacyjne pokazało, jak wiele rzeczy, które Smithsonian pochłonął.

Oznaką odnoszących sukcesy kuratorów i menedżerów kolekcji Smithsonian może być dusza żarliwego szczura stadnego, a jak wie każdy dobry szczur juczny: wszystko jest uczciwą grą, jeśli chodzi o trzymanie. Przykładem są eklektyczne kolekcje instytucji. Rubinowe pantofle, skurczone głowy, kupa dinozaurów , zatrute strzałki, worki barfowe, jaja owadów (które znane są z tego, że wykluwają się i zaczynają chrupać oblężone okazy botaniki), buty astronautów , stare reklamy, tkaniny plemienne, strój prezydenta – nawet kamienie żółciowe nie są zbyt niski, by zostać zbawionym. Co więcej, niektóre przedmioty pod opieką Smithsonian nie są nawet pochodzenia amerykańskiego, jak wypchane szczątki białych szczurów używane po sowieckiej stronie wyścigu kosmicznego.

Co więcej, zespół Smithsonian nie robi niczego bez przekonania. Kto chce jednego przykładu artefaktu, kiedy można mieć 50? Lub 500? I nawet nie myśl o skąpieniu okazów. W czasie „Wielkiego liczenia” Smithsonian był pełen martwych organizmów wszelkiego rodzaju, w tym ponad 3000 ślimaków morskich, 50 000 much i blisko 115 000 ptasich jaj. Chrząszcze były reprezentowane przez ogromną kolekcję 7 milionów okazów, a podobno było tam nawet kilka milionów próbek staromodnego, dobrego brudu. Informatorzy spodziewali się, że całkowita liczba artefaktów wyniesie około 78 milionów, ale odkryli, że zamiast tego mają 100 milionów obiektów [źródła: Time , Smith ].

Chcesz przeczytać więcej o niektórych dziwniejszych przedmiotach, które według kogoś były potrzebne Smithsonianowi? Na następnej stronie omówimy artefakty, które uchwyciły nieco chorobliwy wycinek amerykańskiej historii.

1. Posiadłości prezydenckie
2. Pompa serca Sewella
3. Kostium bąbelkowy
4. Cher Ami
5. Trasa przypominająca
6. Miarka do bułek
7. Zmechanizowany mnich
8. Kapelusz i kurtka Indiany Jonesa
9. Mormon kamień słoneczny
10. Veg-O-Matic II

Uratowanie niektórych artefaktów, które należały do ​​byłych prezydentów USA i ojców założycieli, ma sens. Weźmy na przykład kultowe przedmioty, takie jak laska Bena Franklina lub namiot George'a Washingtona, model przedstawiony przez Abrahama Lincolna we wniosku patentowym lub mikrofon, do którego przemawiał FDR podczas pogawędek przy kominku. Ale niektóre relikwie, które Smithsonian zebrał od dyplomatów, wydają się nieco dziwne.

Wśród wielu dziwnych pamiątek znajdują się jedwabna piżama Warrena Hardinga, jedna z kręgli Harry'ego Trumana i oprawiona w ramki wystawa z kosmykami włosów wyciętymi z głów pierwszych 14 prezydentów, od Waszyngtonu aż po Franklina Pierce'a.

Niektóre z uratowanych rzeczy są prawdopodobnie wręcz makabryczne, jak cylinder, który rzekomo nosił Abraham Lincoln, gdy został zamordowany w teatrze Forda, czy kubek, z którego William McKinley przed chwilą wypił, zanim on również został zastrzelony.

W 1959 roku Smithsonian nabył urządzenie, które było pionierskim prekursorem nowoczesnej technologii sztucznego serca . Zbudowany w 1948 i 1949 roku przez studenta Yale School of Medicine Williama H. ​​Sewella Jr. serca . _

Oprócz tego, że była ważną innowacją technologiczną, ta konkretna pompa serca była niezwykła z zupełnie innego powodu: została zbudowana głównie z elementów zestawu Erector i kosztowała w sumie 24,80 USD [źródło: Glenn ]. Oprócz elementów zestawu montażowego (w tym silnika ), wśród innych elementów użytych do złożenia tej zwodniczo prostej, napędzanej pneumatycznie pompy serca był asortyment kaniul, krzywek, zaworów, szklanych rurek i łączników – wszystko to, co wkrótce być, że dr Sewell mógłby łatwo znaleźć w typowym laboratorium lub kupić w tanim sklepie. Po zmontowaniu wystarczyło podłączyć go do zbiornika sprężonego powietrza i pompy próżniowej.

Pompa serca Sewella została pomyślnie przetestowana podczas kilku eksperymentów na psach i posłużyła jako ważny prototyp późniejszych urządzeń kardiologicznych ratujących życie. Kolejny intrygujący artefakt, który łączy medycynę z najnowocześniejszą inżynierią, czeka na nas na następnej stronie.

John Travolta i Jake Gyllenhaal mogli mieć szczęśliwe zakończenia w swoich portretach „Bubble Boy”, ale prawdziwa historia zakończyła się tragicznie w 1984 roku, kiedy 12-letni David Vetter zmarł w miesiącach po przeszczepie szpiku kostnego, na co liczyli jego lekarze odwróciłby jego ciężki złożony niedobór odporności.

David spent almost the entirety of his short life within the cramped confines of stationary and mobility NASA -built bubbles (more technically referred to as isolators) except for a brief span before his death and during a series of outings starting in 1977, the year the space agency gave him a special gift. Then 5 years old, David received a Mobile Biological Isolation System: the infamous bubble suit.

The custom-built contraption (which also included a mobile support vehicle) cost $50,000 to make and came with a 54-page instructional manual [source: PBS]. It frightened David to enter it for the first time -- he had to make his way through an 8-foot-long (2.5-meter-long) tunnel to reach the form-fitting suit component. But once inside the mobile bubble suit, he was excited by the novelty of everyday experiences like being able to hand things to other people and walk for more than a few steps in any direction. Eventually, however, the practice of using the bubble suit began to unnerve him, and he ceased venturing about.

Apart from David's bubble suit and its accompanying mobile support vehicle, the Smithsonian also acquired one of his stationary isolation units and several of his possessions including games, toys and drawings.

There are plenty of military relics in the Smithsonian 's collection, but few also highlight the institution's penchant for preserving the more memorable furry and feathered companions that made a mark on American history.

One such example is Cher Ami, a carrier pigeon who flew 12 missions during World War I. (Pigeon units played an essential role in wartime communication because they could deliver messages quickly through dangerous territory.) Cher Ami's unwavering bravery and resolute determination during his 12th and final mission earned him medals, accolades and a posthumous spot in the Smithsonian.

On Oct. 4, 1918, the U.S. Army's 77th Infantry Division was trapped behind German lines. In an effort to assist the division, U.S. troops started firing artillery rounds, only the shells were inadvertently bombarding the very soldiers they were supposed to protect. His first pigeons shot down, the besieged division's field commander, Maj. Charles Whittlesey, had just one pigeon remaining to try to get a message through: Cher Ami.

The Germans rained bullets on Cher Ami when he broke cover, but the tenacious little bird would not be deterred from delivering his message. He managed the heroic and perilous 25-mile (40-kilometer) flight in just 25 minutes, suffering grave injuries along the way. Upon his arrival with the crucial note, Cher Ami collapsed; he'd lost an eye , and a quarter-sized bullet hole in his breastbone had almost completely severed one leg.

But his bravery was also directly responsible for saving the lives of the 194 surviving soldiers of the "Lost Battalion." For that, he won the hearts of millions and, after his eventual death, a place among the Smithsonian's treasures.

The collectors at the Smithsonian have worked tirelessly over the years to document all aspects of American culture. In the year 2000, they even thought to grab a chunk of Route 66 , commemorating the social impact engrained within the many miles of the celebrated scenic U.S. highway, as well as the quirky essence of roadside-attractions that distinguished it from others of the era.

The 50-foot-long (15-meter-long) stretch of concrete that's now in the custody of the Smithsonian came from the Oklahoma portion of Route 66, which all told, runs from Illinois through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, before ending in California. It meanders through main streets and rural stretches alike. During its heyday, the road served a number of distinct populations in unique and important ways.

Route 66 symbolized a sense of freedom for many people escaping the dismal economic situation of the rest of Depression -era America, earning it a nod from John Steinbeck in "The Grapes of Wrath." In 1933, thousands of young, out-of-work laborers were put to work completing the many remaining unpaved portions of the highway. It was finally finished in 1938 -- just in time to assist appreciably in the war effort of World War II.

Military traffic was heavy during the wartime years, and afterward, Americans took to the open road in droves, some relocating, some road-tripping. Traveling for pleasure -- a concept not common before the war -- became a booming trend, and amenities and attractions sprang up all along Route 66 to entertain and wow the deluge of sightseers.

Route 66 is still 85 percent passable, and many advocates are working to preserve its place in history while promoting its preservation into the future [source: Gambino]. But in the event the famed route is lost, a chunk of it will always be stashed safely away at the Smithsonian.

Food traditions form a large component of just about every culture, and they evolve over time. But when it comes to American food legacies in particular, there have been some huge changes in the past 50 or so years. Similar to the automation and regulation that have occurred in industrial settings such as the automobile industry, American meals have become increasingly homogenized and standardized in an effort to ensure customers that the look and taste of the food they're served will be as expected.

That being said, it seems a little odd that the Smithsonian would find a place for what's known as a bun gauge in its collection. Not exactly a glamorous artifact, the bun gauge (McDonald's in origin) is used by fast-food workers to measure the correct height and width of a sliced bun, a regular burger, a Big Mac and a Quarter Pounder. Would you like a pickle with that precision?

A Cozier Sort of Kitchen

The Smithsonian is also home to renowned French chef Julia Child's longtime kitchen, which was the set of many of her educational cooking programs. Loads of her familiar pots and pans, measuring cups and other tools of the trade are on display at the National Museum of American History.

Here's another strange relic that ended up at the Smithsonian : a 16th-century, mechanized monk from Spain. An amazing specimen for its time, the monk stands 15 inches (38 centimeters) tall and is a self-acting automaton. It still works centuries later, though it's not frequently activated for preservation's sake. When wound up, the monk completes a series of movements. With a trancelike gaze upon his face and his mouth opening and closing as if he's chanting, the monk slowly paces out a pattern, raising his arms in various devotional gestures as he proceeds.

The legend behind the mechanical monk is this: In 1562, Don Carlos, the crown prince of Spain, was grievously injured from a fall, and it threw the monarchy -- and indeed, to some extent, the world -- into chaos. His father, King Philip II, was desperate to save his heir and authorized all manner of treatments. None worked, however, and it looked like the prince would die.

As a final attempt to save his son, King Philip prayed to God for a miracle -- and promised God a miracle of his own in return should the boy survive. The prince did indeed live (there's some lore here relating to a local monk's remains and how they helped heal the boy, but the facts are unclear), so King Philip hired a renowned clockmaker to construct the diminutive yet entrancing mechanical monk in the image of the one many believed to have healed the prince. No one knows for sure why he chose this as his way to offer payback to God, but many interesting theories abound among experts.

Up next, an item worn by someone who would have greatly appreciated this "bedtime story" had he heard it.

Indiana Jones first swept onto the silver screen during the summer of 1981 in "Raiders of the Lost Ark," and he's returned three times since in 1984's "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom," 1989's "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" and 2008's "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull." Both skeptical academic and globetrotting archaeologist , Indy jumps from one adventure to the next, swinging his bullwhip and puzzling out the mysteries of the ancients all while rescuing damsels in distress and putting crooked treasure hunters out of business.

Fitting that one of Jones' signature lines was, "That belongs in a museum!" In 1989, Harrison Ford and Lucasfilm did right by the character and donated Indy's signature fedora and leather jacket to the Smithsonian . Later, in 1999, they made the museum a gift of his bullwhip as well.

Check out another artifact Jones would have probably taken an interest in on the next page.

Construction of the ill-fated Nauvoo Temple began in 1841, and it was one of the first built by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. As it was constructed over the next few years, the temple was adorned with sunstones, moonstones and starstones; there were 30 of each. But between arson in 1848 and a tornado in 1850, the original temple did not stand long.

In 1989, the Smithsonian purchased one of only two known surviving sunstones (or stones carved to resemble the sun ) that were from the Nauvoo Temple for $100,000. The sunstone is massive -- about 5,000 pounds, or 2,300 kilograms -- and features a face carved into a sun that is materializing from a bank of clouds. Two carved trumpets sound above.

The Smithsonian has rarely made such pricey acquisitions, but the curator of the division of community life believed the piece holds special significance. It represents the successful struggle to found a new religion (one of only a few that can claim American origins) and denotes a central event in the Mormons ' early push for acceptance and the right to practice their religious beliefs.

On the next page, we'll look at the lighter side of the Smithsonian's penchant for pocketing even the most random items from the annals of our nation's past.

Housed among the more serious items in the Smithsonian 's collection are many lighthearted tokens of American history. Take the Veg-O-Matic II, for example, a product of Popeil Brothers Inc. The handy kitchen aid (and similar O-Matic devices) were invented by Samuel J. Popeil, but it was his son Ron who really made them famous. His television marketing campaign with the "But wait! There's more!" sales pitch gained him pop icon status, and the products sold like hotcakes.

The Veg-O-Matic II made its way into the Smithsonian in 1986, when the Popeil family donated one for the collection. The Popeils also sent along a recording of the accompanying commercial. And that's the end of this list ... "But wait! There's more!" Check out the links on the next page.

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